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Definition: Experimental |
ExperimentalAdjective1. Relating to or based on experiment; "experimental physics". 2. Relying on observation or experiment; "experimental results that supported the hypothesis". 3. Of the nature of or undergoing an experiment; "an experimental drug"; "a pilot project"; "a test run"; "a trial separation". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "experimental" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Simple:ExperimentIn the scientific method, an experiment is a set of actions and observations, performed to verify or falsify a hypothesis or identify a causal relationship between phenomena. The experiment is a cornerstone in empirical approach to knowledge.
An Experiment in Baking
As a simple example, consider that many bakers have noticed that the amount of "fluffiness" in a loaf of bread seems to be related to how much humidity there is in the air when the dough is being made. This can be formalized as the hypothesis: "all other things being considered equal, the greater the humidity, the fluffier the bread".
While this hypothesis might arise naturally from baking many loaves over time, an experiment to determine whether or not this is really true would be to carefully prepare bread dough, as identically as possible, on two types of days: days when the humidity is high, and days when the humidity is low. If the hypothesis is true, then the bread prepared on the high humidity days should be fluffier.
Several features of this experiment hold in general for all experiments:
Repeatability of an experiment helps to eliminate various types of experimental errors - one may think that one has accurately described all of the relevant techniques and measurements in an experiment, but certain other effects (such as the brand of the flour, trace impurities in the water used in the dough, etc.) may actually be contributing to the observed effects. In the scientific method, someone may claim that they have performed an experiment with a particular result, and thereby supported a particular hypothesis. However, until other scientists have performed the same experiment in the same way and gotten the same results, the experiment is usually not considered as a "proven" result (see cold fusion for a recent example).
- We must try to make all other conditions of the process to be as similar as possible between the trials. For example, the amounts of flour and water added, the temperature of the butter, and the amount of kneading all may have an effect on the fluffiness; so the experiment should explicitly attempt to control the other variables which could have an effect on the outcome. This gives us some confidence in the statement "all other things being equal,...".
- Although "fluffiness" may seem to be an easily understood idea, one baker's idea of "fluffy bread" may be different than another baker's. The experiment must be based on objective quantities - for example "fluffiness is measured as the total volume of the loaf of bread from one pound of flour". This idea, coupled with the exactness of the description of how the experiment is to be performed, is sometimes called the operational aspect of the experiment; the idea that all actions, quantities, and observations can be agreed upon by reasonable people.
- Noting that once, on a humid day, one baked a fluffy loaf is not enough. The experiment should be repeatable; given that one performs the experiment exactly as described, one should expect to see the same results, no matter who performs the experiment or how many times it is performed.
- Finally, even though one has baked bread a hundred times, occasionally a loaf will completely fail "because the kitchen gods are unhappy". It is important to realize that some hypotheses cannot be tested experimentally - since we cannot make a measurement which will tell us whether or not the "kitchen gods" are "happy", we cannot perform an experiment which either proves or disproves the hypothesis "the best bread happens when the kitchen gods are happy".
Experimental Design
Experimental design attempts to balance the requirements and limitations of the field of science in which one works so that the experiment can provide the best conclusion about the hypothesis being tested.
In some sciences, such as physics and chemistry, it is relatively easy to meet the requirements that all measurements be made objectively, and that all conditions can be kept controlled across experimental trials. On the other hand, in other cases such as biology, and medicine, it is often hard to ensure that the conditions of an experiment be performed consistently; and in the social sciences, it may even be difficult to determine a method for measuring the outcomes of an experiment in an objective manner.
For this reason, sciences such as physics are often referred to as "hard sciences", while others such as sociology are referred to as "soft sciences"; in an attempt to capture the idea that objective measurements are often far easier in the former, and far more difficult in the latter.
In addition, in the soft sciences, the requirement for a "controlled situation" may actually work against the utility of the hypothesis in a more general situation. When the desire is to test a hypothesis that works "in general", an experiment may have a great deal of internal validity, in the sense that it is valid in a highly controlled situation, while at the same time lack external validity when the results of the experiment are applied to a real world situation.
As a result of these considerations, experimental design in the "hard" sciences tends to focus on the elimination of exteraneous effects (type of flour, impurities in the water); while experimental design in the "soft" sciences focuses more on the problems of external validity, often through the use of statistical methods. Occasionally events occur naturally from which scientific evidence be drawn, natural experiments. In such cases the problem of the scientist is to evaluate the natural "design".
Controlled Experiments
Many hypotheses in sciences such as physics can establish causality by noting that, until some phenomenon occurs, nothing happens; then when the phenomenon occurs, a second phenomenon is observed. But often in science, this situation is difficult to obtain.
For example, in the old joke, someone claims that they are snapping their fingers "to keep the tigers away"; and justifies this behaviour by saying "see - it's working!". While this "experiment" does not falsify the hypothesis "snapping fingers keeps the tigers away", it does not really support the hypothesis - not snapping your fingers keeps the tigers away as well.
To demonstrate a cause and effect hypothesis, an experiment must often show that, for example, a phenomenon occurs after a certain treatment is given to a subject, and that the phenomenon does not occur in the absence of the treatment. (See Baconian method.)
A controlled experiment generally compares the results obtained from an experimental sample against a control sample, which is practically identical to the experimental sample except for the one aspect whose effect is being tested.
Controlled experiments can be particularly useful when it is difficult to exactly control all the conditions in an experiment. The experiment begins by creating two or more sample groups that are probabilistically equivalent, which means that measurements of traits should be similar among the groups and that the groups should respond in the same manner if given the same treatment. This equivalency is determined by statistical methods that take into account the amount of variation between individuals and the number of individuals in each group. In fields such as microbiology and chemistry, where there is very little variation between individuals and the group size is easily in the millions, these statistical methods are often bypassed and simply splitting a solution into equal parts is assumed to produce identical sample groups.
Once equivalent groups have been formed, the experimenter tries to treat them identically except for the one variable that he or she wishes to isolate. Human experimentation requires special safeguards against outside variables such as the placebo effect. Such experiments are generally double blind, meaning that neither the volunteer nor the researcher knows which individuals are in the control group or the experimental group until after all of the data has been collected. This ensures that any effects on the volunteer are due to the treatment itself and are not a response to the knowledge that he is being treated.
Natural Experiments
Sometimes controlled experiments are prohibitively difficult, so researchers resort to natural experiments. Natural experiments take advantage of predictable natural changes in simple systems to measure the effect of that change on some phenomenon.
Much of astronomy relies on experiments of this type. It is clearly impratical, when trying to prove the hypotehsis "suns are collapsed clouds of hydrogen", to start out with a giant cloud of hydrogen, and then perform the experiment of waiting a few billion years for it to form a sun. However, by observing various clouds of hydrogen in various states of collapse, and other implications of the hypothesis (for example, the presence of various spectral emissions from the light of stars), we can collect the experimental data we require to support the hypothesis.
An early example of this type of experiment was the first verification in the 1600s that light does not travel from place to place instantaneously, but instead has a measurable speed. Observation of the appearance of the moons of Jupiter were slightly delayed when Jupiter was far from Earth, as opposed to when Jupiter was closer to Earth; and this phenomenon was used to demonstrate that the time delays were consistent with a measurable speed of light.
Quasi-Experiments
Quasi-experiments are very much like controlled experiments except that they lack probabilistic equivalency between groups. These types of experiments often arise in the area of medicine where, for ethical reasons, it is not possible to create a truly controlled group. For example, one would not want to deny all forms of treatment for a life-threatening disease from one group of patients to evaluate the effectiveness of another treatment on a different group of patients. Researchers compensate for this with complicated statistical methods.
Quotes
- "We have to learn again that science without contact with experiments is an enterprise which is likely to go completely astray into imaginary conjecture." — Hannes Alfven
- "Today's scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality." — Nikola Tesla
Related Links
See also: thought experiment, Significant Figures
- The Research Methods Knowledge Base by William M.K. Trochim http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/desexper.htm
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Experiment."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Experimental music, or Avant-garde music, is any music that challenges the commonly accepted notions of what music is. It may do this by trying new harmonies or adding other new sounds, and by using new forms and structures, for example. Experimental music often sounds unpleasant or abrasive to people who are not used to hearing it.
See also:
- Contemporary music
- Free jazz
- Free music
- Noise music
- Electronic music
- Electronic art music
- Computer music
- Aleatoric music
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Experimental music."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| EX | English | Experimental | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ExperimentalSynonyms: data-based (adj), model(a) (adj), observational (adj), pilot(a) (adj), test(a) (adj), trial(a) (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Essay | Adjective: essaying; Verb: experimental; tentative, empirical, probationary. |
Experiment | Subject, experimentee, guinea pig, experimental animal. |
Adjective: experimental, empirical. | |
Protocol, experimental method, blind experiment, double-blind experiment, controlled experiment. | |
MATERIALITY | Physics; somatology, somatics; natural philosophy, experimental philosophy; physicism; physical science, philosophie positive, materialism; materialist; physicist; somatism, somatist. |
Uncertainty | Perplexing; Verb: enigmatic, paradoxical, apocryphal, problematical, hypothetical; experimental. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | But it's avant guard, very experimental. (Fathers' Day; writing credit: Francis Veber) An experimental weapon with experimental ammunition (Quigley Down Under; writing credit: John Hill) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Experimental Film (1963) Central Experimental Farm (1946) Experimental Marriage (1919) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A 10 year-old white girl is pictured here with her father in a swimming pool. She was diagnosed at age three with a form of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) that did not respond to therapy. She is presently in long-term remission after an experimental bone marrow transplant was performed. She now suffers from chronic GVH (Graft Versus Host Disease) which is rare. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Pictured here is an experimental animal being held by a technician. Only the technician's hands and the animal are visible. The technician measures the size of a reaction of the animal due to a recent injection. A measuring device is being used to achieve the measurement. This may have been a test for the possible carcinogenic effect of a chemical. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | Gross pathology of rabbit kidney lesions due to experimental Candida albicans infection. Rabbit was cortisone-treated. Credit: CDC. |  | Under experimental conditions the Aedes albopictus mosquito, also known as the Asian Tiger Mosquito, has been found to be a vector of West Nile Virus. Aedes is a genus of the Culicine family of mosquitos. Credit: CDC. |
 | Experimental Low-Drag Test Panel on Douglas B-18. Credit: NASA. |  | Deployment of experimental deepsea tide gauge Off the EXPLORER in the Gulf Stream. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Experimental longline operations in the Atlantic. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Chris Doley, of NOAA, hauls an experimental crab pot from the water at a sampling site. Blue crab pot samples were taken at shallow-water sites around Poplar Island using pots with mesh sizes about three times smaller than used in commercial crab pots. The mesh in the pots used for sampling was about 1/2" of fine mesh netting. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Retrieving a gillnet from the water, the mesh is 1&1/2". The catch is primarily white perch. The gillnets are experimental multi-mesh gillnets. All nets are connected to a string of nets containing different size mesh between 1&1/2", 2&1/2", and 3&1/2" mesh. Gillnets are made with a lead line that sinks to the bottom and a float line that keeps the net just below the surface of the water. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Experimental recompression chambers allow studies of hyperbaric conditions. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Experimental night lights 5" by Jorem Catilo Commentary: "A series of night shots. these were taken while riding a car. ." | "Foot 1" by Wagner Soares Commentary: "An experimental shot in an afternnon light at home. The red background gave a good contrast and a dramatic atmosphere." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | They still dream of experimental realisation of their social Utopias, of founding isolated "phalansteres," of establishing "Home Colonies," of setting up a "Little Icaria" -- duodecimo editions of the New Jerusalem -- and to realise all these castles in the air, they are compelled to appeal to the feelings and purses of the bourgeois. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | He applies for an Experimental Honeymoon |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | This is an experimental treatment for epilepsy. (references) | |
Such agents should only be used on an experimental protocol. (references) | ||
These therapies are, at this time, still considered experimental. (references) | ||
Business | There is no charge during the experimental period. (references) | |
Since 1992, for example, new service sectors, including retailing, insurance, and tourism, have been opened on an experimental basis. (references) | ||
A few leading companies here have started experimental forays into the market and some of these experiments are experiencing rapid growth. (references) | ||
Economic History | Zimbabwe | Land redistribution proceeded under four experimental models on land that the government had purchased at market rates from willing sellers. (references) |
Brazil | Finally, Brazil is also undertaking experimental attempts with a new type of higher-quality cotton in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul located in the heart of Brazil. (references) | |
Japan | In 1990, Japan enacted amendments to the law that provided some protection from theft of trade secrets, such as know-how, customer lists, sales manuals, and experimental data. (references) | |
Human Rights | Iraq | The report states that many of the detainees were used as subjects in the country's outlawed experimental chemical and biological weapons programs. (references) |
Political Economy | Kazakhstan | During the year, experimental local akim (governor) elections were held in some rural areas; the OSCE and other international observers also criticized these elections as falling short of international commitments. (references) |
Political Rights | Kazakhstan | On October 20, experimental local district akim elections were held, representing the first tentative movement away from Presidential appointment of local district akims. (references) |
Trade | Philippines | However, imports of genetically enhanced seeds and planting materials can only be allowed for experimental purposes and their commercial propagation are prohibited. (references) |
Women | Fiji | This plan was intended to protect women; however, it was ended after a brief experimental period, following protests from two women's rights groups. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | GUNPOWDER, n. An agency employed by civilized nations for the settlement of disputes which might become troublesome if left unadjusted. By most writers the invention of gunpowder is ascribed to the Chinese, but not upon very convincing evidence. Milton says it was invented by the devil to dispel angels with, and this opinion seems to derive some support from the scarcity of angels. Moreover, it has the hearty concurrence of the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. Secretary Wilson became interested in gunpowder through an event that occurred on the Government experimental farm in the District of Columbia. One day, several years ago, a rogue imperfectly reverent of the Secretary's profound attainments and personal character presented him with a sack of gunpowder, representing it as the sed of the Flashawful flabbergastor, a Patagonian cereal of great commercial value, admirably adapted to this climate. The good Secretary was instructed to spill it along in a furrow and afterward inhume it with soil. This he at once proceeded to do, and had made a continuous line of it all the way across a ten-acre field, when he was made to look backward by a shout from the generous donor, who at once dropped a lighted match into the furrow at the starting-point. Contact with the earth had somewhat dampened the powder, but the startled functionary saw himself pursued by a tall moving pillar of fire and smoke and fierce evolution. He stood for a moment paralyzed and speechless, then he recollected an engagement and, dropping all, absented himself thence with such surprising celerity that to the eyes of spectators along the route selected he appeared like a long, dim streak prolonging itself with inconceivable rapidity through seven villages, and audibly refusing to be comforted. "Great Scott! what is that?" cried a surveyor's chainman, shading his eyes and gazing at the fading line of agriculturist which bisected his visible horizon. "That," said the surveyor, carelessly glancing at the phenomenon and again centering his attention upon his instrument, "is the Meridian of Washington." H |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | The constitution of the judiciary, experimental and imperfect as it was even in the infancy of our existing Government, is yet more inadequate to the administration of national justice at our present maturity. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Experimental" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 98.60% of the time. "Experimental" is used about 2,354 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 98.6% | 2,321 | 3,828 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.4% | 33 | 60,273 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,354 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "experimental": broadcasting satellite for experimental purposes ♦ communications satellite for experimental purposes ♦ European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes ♦ experimental animal ♦ experimental communications satellite ♦ experimental condition ♦ experimental cultivation ♦ experimental extinction ♦ experimental hole ♦ experimental LISP ♦ experimental method ♦ experimental model ♦ experimental Physics Control Systems ♦ experimental plot ♦ experimental procedure ♦ experimental program ♦ experimental programme ♦ experimental Programming Language ♦ experimental psychology ♦ experimental rate ♦ experimental research ♦ experimental satellite ♦ experimental science ♦ experimental stage ♦ experimental station ♦ experimental unit ♦ experimental variable. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "experimental": experimental-control. | |
Ending with "experimental": non-experimental. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "experimental"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | empirik (empiric, empirical, empiricist), eksperimental (tentative), i provuar (confirmed, tested, tried, well tried). (various references) | |
Arabic | تجريبى (experiential), إختبارى. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | основан на опит, опитен (adept, capable, consummate, empiric, empirical, experienced, expert, good, grey, laboratory, old, old hand, perfect, pilot, practised, proficient, ripe, scientific, skilful, skilled, skillful, sophisticated, thorough-paced, versed, veteran, whizbang), експериментален (tentative), пробен (sample, tentative, wildcat). (various references) | |
Chinese | 試驗性 , 試驗 (experiment, test), 实验性. (various references) | |
Czech | experimentální, pokusný. (various references) | |
Danish | eksperimental. (various references) | |
Dutch | experimenteel, empirisch (empiric). (various references) | |
Esperanto | eksperimenta. (various references) | |
Farsi | ازمایشی (Pilot, Tentative). (various references) | |
Finnish | kokeellinen. (various references) | |
French | expérimental (experiential), expérimental, empirique, expérimental. (various references) | |
German | experimentell. (various references) | |
Greek | πειραματικόσ, πειραματικός, δοκιμαστικός (exploratory, trial). (various references) | |
Hebrew | נסיוני (empirical, tentative), נסויי (empirical). (various references) | |
Hungarian | tapasztalati (empiric, empirical, practical), kísérleti (farout, pilot, probative, tentative). (various references) | |
Indonesian | eksperimental. (various references) | |
Italian | sperimentale (pilot). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 試験的 (provisional), 実験的 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しけんてき (provisional), じっけんてき. (various references) | |
Korean | 실험 (Empirical, Experiment, Experimentation). (various references) | |
Manx | prowaltagh (deponent, experimenter, prover). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | experimentalay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | experimental (reliability trial, tentative). (various references) | |
Romanian | experimental (experimentally, phenomenal, tentative). (various references) | |
Russian | экспериментальный (pilot-scale, tentative). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | eksperimentalan, probni (probationary, tentative, test). (various references) | |
Spanish | experimental (experiential). (various references) | |
Swedish | experimintell, experimenterande (experimentation), experimentell, experiment-, erfarenhets-, empirisk (empiric, empirical), provisorisk (interim, makeshift, provisional, provisory), försöks-. (various references) | |
Turkish | deneysel (empiric, empirical, tentative), deneyimle kazanılan, deneyde kullanılan, deneme niteliğinde (tentative), denek (guinea pig, reagent, subject, test subject). (various references) | |
Turkmen | eksperiment (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | експериментальний, піддослідний (examinee). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | dựa trên thí nghiệm để thí nghiệm thực nghiệm. (various references) | |
Welsh | arbrofol. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "experimental": experimentalism, experimentalisms, experimentalist, experimentalists, experimentally. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "experimental": nonexperimental, postexperimental. (additional references) | |
| |
"Experimental" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: emperamental, experiental, Experimentall. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "experimental" (pronounced ikspe'rume"ntul, iksperme"ntul, ikspe'rume"nul , or iksperme"nul) |
| 8 | -r u m e" n t u l | detrimental, incremental, temperamental, instrumental. |
| 7 | -u m e" n t u l | elemental, fundamental, supplemental, monumental, ornamental, regimental, sentimental, unsentimental. |
| 6 | -m e" n t u l | compartmental, developmental, environmental, intergovernmental, judgmental, mental, nongovernmental. |
| 5 | -e" n t u l | accidental, coincidental, continental, dental, gentle, incidental, intercontinental, lentil, occidental, oriental, parental, rental, transcendental, transcontinental. |
| 4 | -n t u l | infantile, Cantle, consonantal, disgruntle, dismantle, frontal, governmental, horizontal, lintel, mantel, mantle, periodontal, prefrontal, quintal, Wintle. |
| 3 | -t u l | infertile, acquittal, anecdotal, artiodactyl, battle, beetle, belittle, betel, bicoastal, bottle, brattle, Bristol, brittle, brutal, butyl, capital, Capitol, cattle, chattel, chortle, coastal, committal, congenital, crustal, crystal, digital, distal, ductile, embattle, entitle, extramarital, fatal, fertile, fetal, fractal, futile, genital, glottal, hospital, hostel, hostile, hurtle, immortal, immotile, spittle, startle, subtitle, subtle, tactile, tattle, kettle, Kittel, Kittle, little, marital, metal, mettle, mortal, motile, Myrtle, Natal, neonatal, nettle, noncommittal, nonfatal, nonvolatile, occipital, orbital, parietal, pedestal, petal, Pistil, pistol, pivotal, portal, postal, postnatal, Pottle, prattle, premarital, prenatal, projectile, rattle, rebuttal, recital, rectal, resettle, scuttle, settle, shuttle, skeletal, skittle, societal, throttle, title, tittle, tootle, total, transmittal, turtle, unsettle, unsubtle, varietal, vegetal, versatile, vestal, vital, vittle, volatile, Whittle. |
| 6 | -m e" n t u l | compartmental, detrimental, developmental, elemental, environmental, fundamental, incremental, supplemental, temperamental, instrumental, intergovernmental, judgmental, mental, monumental, nongovernmental, ornamental, regimental, sentimental, unsentimental. |
| 5 | -e" n t u l | accidental, coincidental, continental, dental, gentle, incidental, intercontinental, lentil, occidental, oriental, parental, rental, transcendental, transcontinental. |
| 4 | -n t u l | infantile, Cantle, consonantal, disgruntle, dismantle, frontal, governmental, horizontal, lintel, mantel, mantle, periodontal, prefrontal, quintal, Wintle. |
| 3 | -t u l | infertile, acquittal, anecdotal, artiodactyl, battle, beetle, belittle, betel, bicoastal, bottle, brattle, Bristol, brittle, brutal, butyl, capital, Capitol, cattle, chattel, chortle, coastal, committal, congenital, crustal, crystal, digital, distal, ductile, embattle, entitle, extramarital, fatal, fertile, fetal, fractal, futile, genital, glottal, hospital, hostel, hostile, hurtle, immortal, immotile, spittle, startle, subtitle, subtle, tactile, tattle, kettle, Kittel, Kittle, little, marital, metal, mettle, mortal, motile, Myrtle, Natal, neonatal, nettle, noncommittal, nonfatal, nonvolatile, occipital, orbital, parietal, pedestal, petal, Pistil, pistol, pivotal, portal, postal, postnatal, Pottle, prattle, premarital, prenatal, projectile, rattle, rebuttal, recital, rectal, resettle, scuttle, settle, shuttle, skeletal, skittle, societal, throttle, title, tittle, tootle, total, transmittal, turtle, unsettle, unsubtle, varietal, vegetal, versatile, vestal, vital, vittle, volatile, Whittle. |
| 5 | -m e" n u l | departmental. |
| 4 | -e" n u l | fennel, kennel. |
| 3 | -n u l | infernal, abdominal, aberrational, aboriginal, additional, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, Arsenal, atonal, attitudinal, autumnal, binational, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, carnal, channel, coeducational, collisional, Colonel, communal, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, cornel, correctional, criminal, Darnel, delusional, denominational, depositional, devotional, diagonal, dimensional, directional, diurnal, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, empanel, erosional, eternal, exceptional, external, factional, faunal, fictional, final, flannel, fluxional, foundational, fractional, fraternal, functional, funnel, gastrointestinal, generational, gravitational, hexagonal, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, impersonal, improvisational, spinal, subliminal, superregional, supranational, terminal, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, internal, international, interpersonal, intestinal, investigational, Invitational, irrational, journal, jurisdictional, juvenile, kernel, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, maternal, medicinal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, motivational, multinational, national, navigational, nocturnal, nominal, noncriminal, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occasional, occupational, octagonal, operational, optional, organizational, original, panel, paternal, penal, personal, phenomenal, polygonal, polyvinyl, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, provisional, rational, recreational, regional, relational, renal, representational, retinal, rotational, seasonal, sectional, semifinal, seminal, sensational, sentinel, shrapnel, signal, situational, tonal, traditional, transformational, transitional, transnational, tribunal, tunnel, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl, virginal, vocational. |
| 5 | -m e" n u l | departmental. |
| 4 | -e" n u l | fennel, kennel. |
| 3 | -n u l | infernal, abdominal, aberrational, aboriginal, additional, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, Arsenal, atonal, attitudinal, autumnal, binational, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, carnal, channel, coeducational, collisional, Colonel, communal, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, cornel, correctional, criminal, Darnel, delusional, denominational, depositional, devotional, diagonal, dimensional, directional, diurnal, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, empanel, erosional, eternal, exceptional, external, factional, faunal, fictional, final, flannel, fluxional, foundational, fractional, fraternal, functional, funnel, gastrointestinal, generational, gravitational, hexagonal, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, impersonal, improvisational, spinal, subliminal, superregional, supranational, terminal, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, internal, international, interpersonal, intestinal, investigational, Invitational, irrational, journal, jurisdictional, juvenile, kernel, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, maternal, medicinal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, motivational, multinational, national, navigational, nocturnal, nominal, noncriminal, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occasional, occupational, octagonal, operational, optional, organizational, original, panel, paternal, penal, personal, phenomenal, polygonal, polyvinyl, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, provisional, rational, recreational, regional, relational, renal, representational, retinal, rotational, seasonal, sectional, semifinal, seminal, sensational, sentinel, shrapnel, signal, situational, tonal, traditional, transformational, transitional, transnational, tribunal, tunnel, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl, virginal, vocational. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-e-i-l-m-n-p-r-t-x" | |
-2 letters: experiment, planimeter. | |
-3 letters: explainer, extermine, implanter, intermale, reexamine, reimplant. | |
-4 letters: antimere, aperient, axletree, elaterin, emeritae, enameler, entailer, examinee, examiner, exemplar, external, inexpert, interlap, lamenter, lateener, materiel, melanite, pearlite, pelerine, perineal, permeant, permeate, petaline, realtime, tapeline, terminal, tramline, trapline, treenail, triplane. | |
-5 letters: ailment, alexine, alienee, aliener, aliment, arenite, atelier, elapine, element, emerita, emetine, emirate, empaler. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-e-i-l-m-n-p-r-t-x" | |
+2 letters: experimentally. | |
+3 letters: experimentalism, experimentalist, nonexperimental. | |
+4 letters: experimentalisms, experimentalists, postexperimental. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Abbreviations 18. Acronyms 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
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