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Definition: Closed |
ClosedAdjective1. Not open or affording passage or access; "the many closed streets made travel difficult"; "our neighbors peeped from behind closed curtains". 2. (mathematics) of a curve or surface; having no end points or boundary curves; of a set; having members that can be produced by a specific operation on other members of the same set; of an interval; containing both its endpoints. 3. Not open; "the door slammed shut". 4. Used especially of mouth or eyes; "he sat quietly with closed eyes"; "his eyes were shut against the sunlight". 5. Requiring union membership; "a closed shop". 6. With shutters closed. 7. Not open to the general public; "a closed meeting". 8. Not having an open mind; "a closed mind unreceptive to new ideas". 9. Blocked against entry; "a closed porch". 10. : (of the wings of birds and insects) closed together. 11. : shut down; "the airport is closed because of the weather"; "the many closed shops and factories made the town look deserted". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "closed" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Food & Agriculture | A)of a forest or other tract of land to which entry is, or in which specified activities are prohibited or restricted, e. g. a range from which all(grazing by)livestock is excluded, or forest land(closed forest)to which human entry is, or in which specified activities are, prohibited, e. g. because of fire danger(closed fire-season), for the protection of game(closed game season)or of wildlife in general, such action being termed closure; b)of a forest, crop or stand having a closed canopy; hence closed forest, closed crop, etc. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mathematics | Commutativity. . . is needed. . . to prove that A is closed under multiplication. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the game of poker, a betting round is said to be closed if no player will have the right to raise in the round. Normally this occurs when a player calls, and the next player whose turn it is to act is the one who made the last raise, so he cannot raise further (this ends the betting round). The round can also said to be closed before it has actually ended if there are still players remaining to act, but they will not be entitled to raise either because the last raise was a sub-minimum all-in raise (see Poker table stakes rules) or because the limit ("cap") on allowed raises has been reached.The term is also used to describe a category of poker game in which no cards held by individual players are visible to any other player before the Showdown. Most forms of Draw poker, are closed games (draw games with a Rollout are an exception). Most forms of Stud poker, in contrast, are Open games, because some players' cards are dealt face up or are exposed during play (blind stud games are an exception). Most Community card poker games like Texas hold'em are considered closed as well, because the only cards exposed before showdown belong to everyone; the individual players' cards are never seen until showdown.
- See also : Poker
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Closed (poker)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, closed form can mean either:
or
- a finitary expression, rather than one involving (for example) an infinite series - this meaning usually occurs in a phrase like solution in closed form;
- a closed differential form: see closed form (calculus).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Closed form."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a set is called closed if its complement is open. Intuitively, if you are outside the set, and you "wiggle" a little bit, you will still be outside the set. Note that this notion depends on the concept of "outside", the surrounding space with respect to which the complement is taken. For instance, the unit interval [0,1] is closed in the real numbers, and the set [0,1] ∩ Q of rational numbers between 0 and 1 (inclusive) is closed in the space of rational numbers, but [0,1] ∩ Q is not closed in the real numbers. Some sets are neither open nor closed, for instance the half-open interval [0,1) in the real numbers.
The notion of closed set is defined above in terms of open sets, a concept that makes sense for topological spaces, as well as for other spaces that carry topological structures, such as metric spaces, differentiable manifolds, uniform spaces, and gauge spaces.
An alternative characterization of closed sets is available via sequences and netss. A subset A of a topological space X is closed in X if and only if every limit of every net of elements of A also belongs to A. In a first countable space (such as a metric space), it is enough to consider only sequences, instead of all nets. One value of this characterisation is that it may be used as a definition in the context of convergence spaces, which are more general than topological spaces. Notice that this characterisation also depends on the surrounding space X, because whether or not a sequence or net converges in X depends on what points are present in X.
Any intersection of arbitrarily many closed sets is closed, and any union of finitely many closed sets is closed. In particular, the empty set and the whole space are closed. In fact, given a set X and a collection F of subsets of X that has these properties, then F will be the collection of closed sets for a unique topology on X. The intersection property also allows one to define the closure of a set A in a space X, which is defined as the smallest closed subset of X that is a superset of A. Specifically, the closure of A can be constructed as the intersection of all of these closed supersets.
We have seen twice that whether a set is closed is relative; it depends on the space that it's embedded in. However, the compact Hausdorff spaces are "absolutely closed" in a certain sense. To be precise, if you embed a compact Hausdorff space K in an arbitrary Hausdorff space X, then K will always be a closed subset of X; the "surrounding space" does not matter here. In fact, this property characterizes the compact Hausdorff spaces. Stone-Čech compactification, a process that turns a completely regular Hausdorff space into a compact Hausdorff space, may be described as adjoining limits of certain nonconvergent nets to the space.
A manifold is called closed if it has no boundary and is compact. This is a somewhat different notion from the one discussed above.
In film, a closed set is a sound stage to which no visitors are admitted.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Closed set."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Closed Telephone Numbering Plans
A 'closed' numbering plan is one in which the subscriber's number is a standard length, and is used for all calls, even in the same area. This has traditionally been the case in small countries and territories where area codes have not been required. However, there has been a trend in many countries towards making all numbers a standard length, and incorporating the area code into the subscriber's number.This usually makes the use of a trunk prefix (usually '0') obsolete. For example, to call Oslo in Norway before 1992, one would dial:
xxx xxx (within Oslo) (02) xxx xxx (within Norway) +47 2 xxx xxx (outside Norway) +47 22xx xxxx (after 1992)This changed to 22 xxx xxx, so that an eight-digit number was used for all calls. In other countries, such as France, Belgium, Switzerland, and South Africa, the '0' is retained for domestic calls, whether local or national, eg:
Paris 01 xxxx xxxx (outside France +33 1 xxxx xxxx) Brussels 02 xxx xxxx (outside Belgium +32 2 xxx xxxx) Geneva 022 xxx xxxx (outside Switzerland +41 22 xxx xxxx) Cape Town 021 xxx xxxx (outside South Africa +27 21 xxx xxxx)In Italy the '0' has been incorporated into the subscriber's number, and must be dialled internationally, eg:
Rome +39 06 xxx xxxx.While the use of full national dialing is less user-friendly than only using a local number without the area code, the increased use of mobile phones, which require full national dialing and can store numbers, means that this is of decreasing importance. It also makes easier to display numbers in the international format, as no trunk code is required- hence a number in Prague Czech Republic can now be displayed as:
+420 2 xxxx xxxx formerly: 02 xxxx xxxx (inside Czech Republic) +420 2 xxxx xxxx (outside Czech Republic)Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Closed Telephone Numbering Plans."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Closed-classes are so-called because they contain a relatively small number of items to which no new items can normally be added. In English, auxiliary verbs, are a closed class: there are a small number of them, and the list very rarely changes. Contrastingly, an open class, e.g. nouns or verbs, receive (or lose) new items much more rapidly than closed-classes. Other examples of closed-classes are:
The closed classes of the English language, in use hundreds of years ago, would still be easily recognisable by users today.
- conjunctions
- determiners
- prepositions
- pronouns
See also Open class word
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Closed-class word."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- For closures in computer programs, see Closure (programming).
- For closure in mathematics, see Closure (mathematics).
- For closure in literature, see Dramatic closure.
- For closure in parliamentary procedure, see Cloture.
- For closure in personal relationships, see Closure (sociology).
- For closure in philosophy, see Closure (philosophy).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Closure."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| CL | English | Closed Loop | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ClosedSynonyms: closed in(p) (adj), closed(a) (adj), shut (adj), unopen (adj), unsympathetic (adj). (additional references) |
| Antonym: open (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Closure | Adjective: closed; Verb: shut, operculated; unopened. |
Concealment | Januis clausis, with closed doors, a huis clos; hugger mugger, a la derobee; under the cloak of, under the rose, under the table; sub rosa, en tapinois, in the background, aside, on the sly, with bated breath, sotto voce, in a whisper, without beat of drum, a la sourdine. |
Facility | Be at home in, make it look easy, do it with one's eyes closed, do it in one's sleep; (skillful). |
Pain | Phrase: surgit amari aliquid; the place being too hot to hold one; the iron entering into the soul; "he jests at scars that never felt a wound"; "I must be cruel only to be kind"; "what deep wounds ever closed without a scar?". |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Closed |
| English words defined with "closed": closed chain, closed in, closed session. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "closed": closed air-circuit separately fan-ventilated aircooled machine, closed conduit, closed frame, closed loop, Closed Low, closed set, closed term, closed traverse, closed type head box ♦ downward closed ♦ head at closed valve. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "closed": Unclosed. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Said the store was closed for two hours yesterday (Clerks.; writing credit: Kevin Smith) Oh, come right in. Don't let the fact that my door is closed dissuade you in any way from entering my office (Beverly Hills Cop II ; writing credit: Larry Ferguson, Warren Skaaren) We're closed. (Touch of Evil; writing credit: Whit Masterson; Orson Welles) While you're at it, why don't you give me a nice paper cut and pour lemon juice on it? We're closed! (The Princess Bride; writing credit: William Goldman) Cut, cut, cut, this is a closed set (Blazing Saddles; writing credit: Andrew Bergman; Mel Brooks) | |
Lyrics | And when we get behind closed doors ("Behind Closed Doors"; performing artist: Charlie Rich) I closed my eyes and I slipped away (More Than a Feeling; performing artist: BOSTON) But as soon as I closed my eyes (Brokenhearted; performing artist: Brandy) The curtains are closed, the cats in the cradle ((I Just) Died In Your Arms; performing artist: Cutting Crew) You know i just closed by eyes (Father Of Mine; performing artist: Everclear) | |
Clever | When wrathful words arise, a closed mouth is soothing. (references; author: Irish Proverb) A closed mind is a good thing to lose. (references; author: unknown) Every closed eye is not sleeping, and every open eye is not seeing. (references; author: unknown) The first time we kissed, I closed my eyes, You closed your eyes and... We missed! (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Behind Closed Doors (2003) Closed Mondays (1974) The Closed Shop (1970) Behind Closed Doors (1958) Account Closed (1955) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Closed Loop Breathing System. Credit: NASA. |  | Mouth of a tidal pond has been closed up by a series of storms and high tides. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | An aerial view of a purse seiner after the purse has been closed and the net is being hauled aboard. Credit: Fisheries. |  | A view of tuna agitating the surface as the net is drawing closed. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | North Inlet - Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Oyster and clam beds are closed in some portions of estuaries due to high levels fecal coliform bacteria, an indicator of sewage pollution. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Figure 19. Hirondelle locking sounder. Prince Albert I of Monaco designed this apparatus in 1888. His idea was to modify a Baillie or Travailleur sounder by replacing the various valves with a spigot which closed after sediment entered the tube. The engineer Jules le Blanc built this instrument for Prince Albert. It was used sucessfully in 1888 off the Azores in depths of 600 to 2000 meters. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Figure 2. H. Fol and E. Sarasin photometer, 1884 model. Left: device closed. Right: Device opened. This instrument was used in 1885 to study the penetration of light in Lake Leman and after that in the Mediterranean. It was tried off Cape Ferrat, France, in between 200 and 400 meters water depth. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | An abandoned well in Carroll County is closed off. Credit: Lynn Betts. |
 | Closed road in a rehabilitation area along the Madison. Credit: Merv Coleman. |  | Pueblo Mountain WSA, a group photo of Sierra Club volunteers placing wooden water bars on a closed route. (WSA 2-81). Credit: Scott Moore. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Nokia 7650 closed" by Mischar Jung Commentary: "Nokia 7650 cellphone front view." | "Closed for the day 1" by Matthias Wesemeyer Commentary: "Pub / cafe in Berlin-Kreuzberg, Germany." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Attic door slowing swinging closed. | | Zipper zipping closed; zipping. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
A.b. Alcott | That is a good book which is opened with expectation, and closed with delight and profit. |
Author Unknown | Keep your mouth closed until your mind is in gear. |
Catullus | Suns may rise and set; we, when our short day has closed, must sleep on during one perpetual night. |
Confucius | To save face keep lower half closed. |
Denis Diderot | The infant runs toward it with its eyes closed, the adult is stationary, the old man approaches it with his back turned. |
Irish Proverb | When wrathful words arise, a closed mouth is soothing. |
John Keble | The watchful mother tarries nigh, though sleep has closed her infants eyes. |
John Peter Altgeld | The laboring people found the prisons always open to receive them, but the courts of justice were practically closed to them. |
Laurence Dunphy | A closed mind is an enigma indeed. Nothing ever goes in -- but odd things are forever coming out. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | If it is closed upon him, and cannot be inspected by him? (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | The feudal system of industry, under which industrial production was monopolised by closed guilds, now no longer sufficed for the growing wants of the new markets. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The closure of contracts relating to cotton "futures", which were closed as on July 31, 1914, under the decision of the Liverpool Cotton Association, is also confirmed. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Their conversation was soon afterwards closed by the entrance of her father |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | I could but stand outside, and take a last look at the two sweet children, ere they disappeared within, and the golden gate closed with a bang |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | Scrooge closed the window, and examined the door by which the Ghost had entered |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The sister closed the curtains, hoping that she would sleep |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He closed the door and, walking swiftly to the bed, knelt beside it and covered his face with his hands |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | His upper lip was long, and since his teeth protruded, the lips stretched to cover them, for this man kept his lips closed. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Try to keep your windows closed. (references) | |
Wear long-sleeved shirts and closed shoes and socks. (references) | ||
The pelvic floor muscles also help keep the urethra closed. (references) | ||
Business | Purchasing practices in Ukraine vary, including open and closed tenders. (references) | |
In fact, Jaguar closed their showroom recently for lack of legitimate business. (references) | ||
In Shanghai a women's shelter was closed after 12 months because its funding ran out. (references) | ||
Children | Pakistan | A reported 10,000 schools have closed in recent years due to a lack of teachers. (references) |
Turkmenistan | During the annual cotton harvest, some schools in agricultural areas are closed and students work in the fields. (references) | |
Samoa | A second camp closed during the year following allegations of mistreatment of some of the children in their care. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Pakistan | Several Ahmadi mosques remained closed. (references) |
Jordan | The church remained closed at year's end. (references) | |
Mongolia | No newspapers were closed during the year. (references) | |
Economic History | Burma | All the loans have been closed. (references) |
Bahamas | The Uniroyal plant has since closed. (references) | |
Austria | Even assuming success, shops will remain closed on Sundays. (references) | |
Human Rights | Iran | The proceedings were closed. (references) |
Micronesia | Juveniles may have closed hearings. (references) | |
Cuba | Both trials were closed to the public. (references) | |
Minorities | Slovak Republic | The police closed the case because they were unable to locate the suspects. (references) |
Japan | The directive also required local governments clearly to state which jobs were closed to noncitizens. (references) | |
Azerbaijan | Local Muslim leaders and government officials were featured, warning such agencies that they should be closed. (references) | |
Political Economy | PHILIPPINES | Rural banking remains completely closed to foreigners. (references) |
PERU | Peru closed out a $10.5 billion Brady Plan commercial debt restructuring in March 1997. (references) | |
Saudi Arabia | Most trials are closed, and defendants usually appear before judges without legal counsel. (references) | |
Political Rights | Cameroon | While alone inside a closed booth, citizens choose a ballot and seal it into an envelope. (references) |
Turkey | The case to close HADEP, whose predecessor parties were also closed by the Government, was pending at year's end. (references) | |
Saudi Arabia | In general journalists, academics, and businessmen believe that institutionalized avenues of domestic criticism of the regime are closed. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | Most river ports have been turned into open or closed joint stock companies. (references) |
Ukraine | Larger importers may prefer to establish their own closed and secured facility. (references) | |
South Africa | The last of these loans was closed in 1968 and all amounts have been fully repaid. (references) | |
Travel | Maldives | Banks are also closed on Saturdays. (references) |
Peru | Business offices are closed on Saturdays. (references) | |
Thailand | Closed on Thai and U.S. Official Holidays. (references) | |
Women | Mexico | A total of 64 cases were closed after sentences were passed. (references) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | The Pale Assistant Police Commander initially told IPTF human rights officers that the incidents happened "behind closed doors" so the police could not intervene. (references) | |
Liberia | On the whole, women have not recovered from the setbacks caused by the civil war, when most schools were closed, and they could not carry out their traditional roles in the production, allocation, and sale of food. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Haiti | The law protects union activities and prohibits a closed shop. (references) |
South Africa | On July 31, the Pretoria High Court ordered the brothel to be closed. (references) | |
China | Trials are brief and are closed if issues of state security are involved. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DIARY, n. A daily record of that part of one's life, which he can relate to himself without blushing. Hearst kept a diary wherein were writ All that he had of wisdom and of wit. So the Recording Angel, when Hearst died, Erased all entries of his own and cried: "I'll judge you by your diary." Said Hearst: "Thank you; 'twill show you I am Saint the First" -- Straightway producing, jubilant and proud, That record from a pocket in his shroud. The Angel slowly turned the pages o'er, Each stupid line of which he knew before, Glooming and gleaming as by turns he hit On Shallow sentiment and stolen wit; Then gravely closed the book and gave it back. "My friend, you've wandered from your proper track: You'd never be content this side the tomb -- For big ideas Heaven has little room, And Hell's no latitude for making mirth," He said, and kicked the fellow back to earth. "The Mad Philosopher" |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Robert Novak | Mr. Chairman, the Senate and House Intelligence Committees are conducting a very deep investigation over the intelligence failures, and they're moving very methodically, slowly, behind closed doors. |
Trent Lott | Well, you know, we had to deal with the anthrax matter, and it hit the Senate first. And it's continued to be a problem. The Hart Building that senators use, half of the senators have their staffs and their offices in that building, it's still closed. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | But in a few, where the arrangements for the direct tax had been retarded, it will be some time before the system is closed. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | We have already taken actions to counter unfair trading practices to pry open closed foreign markets. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | The expansion of trade hasn't fully closed the gap between those of us who live on the cutting edge of the global economy and the billions around the world who live on the knife's edge of survival. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Closed" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 45.81% of the time. "Closed" is used about 5,897 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 45.81% | 2,701 | 3,402 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 32.36% | 1,908 | 4,480 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 21.84% | 1,288 | 6,132 |
| Total | 100.00% | 5,897 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "closed": a closed mouth catches no flies ♦ A closed sea ♦ be closed ♦ be closed down ♦ behind closed door ♦ behind closed doors ♦ closed account ♦ closed area ♦ closed book ♦ closed captioning ♦ closed car ♦ Closed chain ♦ closed championship ♦ closed circuit ♦ closed circuit TV ♦ closed closed inpredicate ♦ closed conduit ♦ closed corporation ♦ closed couplet ♦ closed cycle ♦ closed door ♦ closed door conference ♦ closed door meeting ♦ closed door session ♦ closed end ♦ closed for repairs ♦ closed fracture ♦ closed fund ♦ closed gentian ♦ closed group charter ♦ closed in ♦ closed interval ♦ closed lap ♦ closed loop ♦ closed market ♦ closed place ♦ closed primary ♦ closed rate ♦ closed respiratory gas system ♦ closed session ♦ closed set ♦ closed shed ♦ closed shedding ♦ closed shop ♦ closed syllable ♦ closed term ♦ closed type head box ♦ closed weir ♦ closed year ♦ downward closed ♦ especial closed cupboard for dairy produce ♦ get closed ♦ head at closed valve ♦ hold closed ♦ impervious to closed ♦ keep closed ♦ remain closed ♦ road closed ♦ the bidding is closed ♦ tightly closed ♦ trial behind closed doors ♦ with closed doors. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "closed": closed-access, closed-belief, closed-boundary, closed-box testing, closed-captioned, closed-centre, closed-chain, closed-chest, closed-circuit, closed-circuit television, closed-circuit-tv-monitored, closed-circular, closed-class word, closed-cycle, closed-door, closed-doors, closed-down, closed-drainage, closed-end, closed-end, closed-end fund, closed-end investment company, closed-ended, closed-eyed, closed-form, closed-group, closed-heart surgery, closed-in, closed-loop, closed-meshed, closed-minded, closed-mouthed, closed-off, closed-ring, closed-shop, closed-string, closed-system, closed-up, closed-world, closed-worlder, closed-worlders, closed-xxxx. | |
Ending with "closed": long-closed, now-closed. | |
Containing "closed": behind-closed-doors. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "closed"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | toe (as, now, shut, then, to, toward, towards, well, well then, when). (various references) | |
Albanian | i zënë (busy, caught, engaged, foul, occupied), i mbyllur (barred, cagey, cagy, close, confined, enclosed, finished, glued, laid up, landlocked, locked, made, pent up, reserved, sealed, self contained, shut, shut in, uncommunicative, uncompanionable, unconversable, unsociable, unsocial, withdrawn), i izoluar (confined, isolated, secluded, sequestered), i bllokuar (blocked, locked). (various references) | |
Arabic | مقفل (locked), مقصور على, مغلق (bolted, fast, locked, mac, sealed, shut, shut in), مسدود (blocked, congested, obstructed, plugged, sealed, shut off, stopped). (various references) | |
Bavarian | zua (shut). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | ограничен (close, confined, contracted, finite, hidebound, illiberal, insular, limitary, limited, mean, narrow, narrow minded, one track, open, parochial, pot-bound, restricted, scanty, small minded, sparing, strict, stringent, suburban), затворен (close, confined, imprisoned, jailed, jugged, landlocked, locked, mediterranean, narrow, pent, pent up, recluse, reticent, shut in), запушен (wadded). (various references) | |
Chinese | 闭合. (various references) | |
Czech | zavřený (close, shut), uzavřený (cagey, cagy, incestuous, pent, recluse, retiring, select, taciturn, unapproachable, withdrawn). (various references) | |
Danish | lukket (shut). (various references) | |
Dutch | gesloten (shut), dicht (compact, concentrated, dense, shut, thick), toe (shut). (various references) | |
Esperanto | fermita (shut). (various references) | |
Finnish | umpinainen (covered), suljettu (totally-enclosed), rauhoitus-, rauhoitettu, kiinni (fast, shut), kielletty (prohibited), avaamaton (uncut, unopened). (various references) | |
French | fermé. (various references) | |
German | geschlossen (bodily, concentrated, dense, locked, narrow, shut, shutted, solid, solidly, thick, unbroken, unified, United), gesperrt (barricided, blocked, inaccessible, locked), zu (a, an, as, at, at the rate of, beside, bought in addition, for, in, inside, into, off, on, per, shut, to, too, too much, toward, towards, unto, with, within). (various references) | |
Greek | κλειστόσ (close, shut), κλειστός (locked), κλειστό, Απαγορευμένος. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מסוגר, קמוץ (clenched, economy, frugality, parsimony, retrenchment, saving, thrift), פקוק (corked, plugged, stoppered, thrombosed), אפוץ (crowded), בלום (braked, full), סתום (abstruse, blocked, closing, congested, corking, incomprehensible, obscure, stopped up, stopping, vague, vagueness), סגור (locked up, shut). (various references) | |
Hungarian | csukott (close, sealed, shut). (various references) | |
Indonesian | tertutup (sealed, stoped). (various references) | |
Irish | dúnta. (various references) | |
Italian | chiuso (close, enclosed, exclusive, pen, shut, stuffy, through). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 締め切り (closing, cut-off, deadline, end, No Entrance), 締切り (closing, cut-off, deadline, end, No Entrance), 締切 (closing, cut-off, deadline, end, No Entrance), 休業 (business suspended, holiday, shutdown), 休み中 (on break), 〆切り (closing, cut-off, deadline, end, No Entrance), 〆切 (closing, cut-off, deadline, end, No Entrance), クレブス回路 (checkroom, cleanser, cleansing cream, cleansing lotion, cleric, cloakroom, clone, close, closed stance, closed system, closet, close-up, closure, crawl, Kraepelin, Krebs cycle, Kremlin, Kremlinology). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しめきり (closing, cut-off, deadline, end, No Entrance), きゅうぎょう (business suspended, holiday, shutdown), やすみちゅう (on break), クローズド . (various references) | |
Korean | 닫히는. (various references) | |
Manx | jeight (shut). (various references) | |
Papiamen | cerá (shut). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | osedclay.( |
