Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Civilian |
CivilianAdjective1. Associated with or performed by civilians as contrasted with the military; "civilian clothing" "civilian life". Noun1. A nonmilitary citizen. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "civilian" was first used: 14th century. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A civilian is a person who is not a member of a military. Under the Fourth Geneva Convention it is a war crime to deliberately attack a non-combatant civilian or wantonly and unnecessarily destroy or take the property of a civilian.However, civilian property may be destroyed in pursuit of a military objective; civilian property may be seized for military use; and collateral damage is an accepted part of war.
In practice, the neat division between combatants and non-combatants implicit in such treaties can get very blurry, particularly in guerilla warfare where the guerillas receive the support of the local population. It is sometimes argued that the division between civilian and military and the abhorrence towards attacks on civilians is a reflection of Western attitudes to war, and that other societies do not make such distinctions but find other aspects of Western-style warfare abhorrent (such as strategic bombing).
See also: Laws of war, combatant. A civilian is also the name given to a jurist or jurisdiction of the civil law as in civilian jurisdiction.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Civilian."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| CIC | English | Civilian Internment Camp | Military & Defense, Law |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Antonyms: military (adj), serviceman (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Laity | Layman, civilian; parishioner, catechumen; secularist. |
Lawyer | Noun: lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel, counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist, legist, civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult, legal adviser, advocate; barrister, barrister at law; King's or Queen's counsel; K.C.; Q.C.; silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman, judge. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Second, you're not a civilian, Colonel, you're in the army (The General's Daughter; writing credit: Christopher Bertolini) I'm a civilian, not a trout -- you have no authority over me whatsoever (Lake Placid; writing credit: David E. Kelley) For me civilian life is nothing (First Blood; writing credit: David Morrell; Michael Kozoll) But I'm a civilian. I'm more of a civilian than most civilians (Spartacus; writing credit: Howard Fast; Dalton Trumbo) Well, if you'll excuse me saying so, sir, that would be, to my way of thinking, rather well, rather an odd way of looking at it. You see, if a Russian attack was in progress, we would certainly not be hearing civilian broadcast (Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb; writing credit: Peter George; Stanley Kubrick) | |
Lyrics | If you pooch a civilian, (In France; performing artist: Frank Zappa) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Civilian Front (1940) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Music |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Lansing Simmons On triangulation party Served as commissioned officer then as civilian mathematician. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. | ![]() | Freddie L. Jeffries As civilian photogrammetrist in C&GS. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
![]() | A Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) encampment in Coon Vally, Wisconsin 8/19/34. Credit: Unknown. | Civilian Volunteers at Dedication PointBirds of Prey National Conservation AreaBOPOwyhee Field OfficeLSRDLower Snake River District. Credit: Barry Rose. | |
Rogue River - Camp Rand - Co. 1650 Civilian Conservation Corp., aerial view. Credit: Unknown. | ![]() | U.S. Army. Hospital Center, Vichy, France. : Officers, Enlisted Personnel, and Civilian Employees. Credit: National Library of Medicine. | |
![]() | U.S. Naval Hospital, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. : Officers and civilian personnel. Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ![]() | Commissioning ceremonies at the New London submarine base, Groton, Connecticut, 23 July 1943. The submarine's Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Commander Joseph F. Enright (second from right) is reading his orders. Civilian standing second from left is Mr. L.Y. Spear, President of the Electric Boat Company, which built Dace. Note Marine bugler at left. Photographer was probably Commander Edward Steichen, USNR. Credit: NAVY. |
![]() | Off the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, 24 June 1948, two days before she was commissioned. Several civilian tugs are alongside. Credit: NAVY. | ![]() | Civilian Conservation Camp changed to Republican conservation Camp. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
![]() |
| "Sniper vs. sniper" by Igor Beres Commentary: "Two Bosnian soldiers hunting for Serbian sniper that fired and killed civilian woman ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Marcus Tullius Cicero | Let the soldier yield to the civilian. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Damage in the form of levies, fines and other similar exactions imposed by Germany or her allies upon the civilian population. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Fifty five-percent of production is civilian, 45 percent is military and exports account for 58 percent. (references) | |
Once, the new airport is operational the existing Bangalore airport will be closed to civilian operations. (references) | ||
Although French equipment dominates in the civilian market, just under 30 percent of the civilian fleet is of U.S. origin. (references) | ||
Children | Eritrea | Persons with Disabilities The long war for independence and the conflict with Ethiopia left thousands of men and women with physical disabilities from injuries they received as guerrillas, soldiers, and civilian victims. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Sri Lanka | Groups of military personnel sometimes use civilian ships to reach Jaffna. (references) |
Venezuela | On February 2, the Supreme Court transferred the case to a civilian court. (references) | |
Economic History | Gambia, The | Type: Civilian. (references) |
Luxembourg | The Luxembourg army is under civilian control. (references) | |
Suriname | Throughout 1982, pressure grew for a return to civilian rule. (references) | |
Human Rights | Sri Lanka | The LTTE also damaged the civilian airport. (references) |
Ghana | A civilian also was shot by another civilian. (references) | |
Israel and the occupied territories | At least seven other civilian bystanders were injured. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Colombia | However, some observers asserted that these special jurisdictions were subject to manipulation, and that punishments rendered by such community courts were often much more lenient than those imposed by regular civilian courts. (references) |
Minorities | Philippines | Muslims continue to be underrepresented in senior civilian and military positions. (references) |
Macedonia | Ethnic minorities constituted approximately 11 percent of Ministry of Defense civilian employees. (references) | |
Political Economy | Uzbekistan | There is effective civilian control over the military. (references) |
Grenada | It is controlled by and responsive to civilian authorities. (references) | |
Guinea | There is no effective civilian control of the security forces. (references) | |
Political Rights | Fiji | In July 2000, a military-backed, civilian interim administration was installed. (references) |
Honduras | Suffrage is universal; however, neither the clergy nor members of the military or civilian security forces are permitted to vote. (references) | |
Fiji | The Emergency Powers Act was amended by decree by the military-backed, civilian interim administration, which also invoked the amended act. (references) | |
Trade | Nicaragua | Military weapons may only be imported by the Armed Forces; import shipments of civilian weapons must be accompanied by a license issued by the Ministry of Government. (references) |
Syria | U.S. exporters of dual use items (those with both civilian and military applications) or high-technology products should apply for export licenses which are considered on a case-by-case basis. (references) | |
Canada | Military export permits are normally denied to countries representing a strategic threat to Canada or its allies: countries involved in or under imminent threat of hostilities; countries under UN sanction; or countries whose governments have a persistent record of serious human rights violations, unless there is no reasonable risk that the goods might be used against the civilian population. (references) | |
Travel | Denmark | There are 12 civilian airports, plus the Copenhagen Airport (Kastrup), which is a major international airport and serves as the Scandinavian hub for SAS (Scandinavian Airline System). (references) |
Sri Lanka | While no terrorist attacks against international or domestic aviation in Sri Lanka have been recorded since 1987, threats were directed at domestic air carriers flying between Colombo and Jaffna in 1998. A domestic civilian aircraft flying from Colombo to Jaffna crashed in September 1998 killing everyone on board. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Canada | Of the civilian labor force, approximately 29.5 percent is unionized. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | RECRUIT, n. A person distinguishable from a civilian by his uniform and from a soldier by his gait. Fresh from the farm or factory or street, His marching, in pursuit or in retreat, Were an impressive martial spectacle Except for two impediments -- his feet. Thompson Johnson |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Since the surrender of Japan, civilian food consumption has risen still further. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | The new Turkish authorities are making some progress in resolving those problems, and they have pledged an early return to civilian government. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | If the Iraqi regime wishes peace, it will cease persecution of its civilian population, including Shi'a, Sunnis, Kurds, Turkomans, and others, again as required by Security Council resolutions. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Civilian" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 90.13% of the time. "Civilian" is used about 850 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 90.13% | 766 | 8,974 |
| Noun (singular) | 9.64% | 82 | 36,594 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.24% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 850 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | Civilian Content plc |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "civilian": chief civilian personnel officer ♦ civilian casualties ♦ civilian clothes ♦ civilian clothing ♦ civilian dress ♦ civilian garb ♦ civilian government ♦ civilian life ♦ civilian personnel ♦ civilian population ♦ civilian preparedness for war ♦ Civilian War Victims Organisation ♦ international civilian personnel with nato status ♦ local wage nato civilian employee ♦ nato international civilian post ♦ supernumerary nato civilian personnel ♦ temporary civilian personnel. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "civilian": civilian-clad, civilian-controlled, civilian-led, civilian-looking, civilian-military, civilian-operated, civilian-populated. | |
Ending with "civilian": non-civilian. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "civilian"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | civil (citizen, civil, plain clothes), nëpunës civil. (various references) | |
Arabic | مواطن (citizen, inhabitant, national, resident), مدني (citified, civic, civil, secular, urban, urbanized). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | специалист по гражданско право, щатски, цивилно лице (citizen), цивилен (civil, non combatant), граждански (civil, unclerical). (various references) | |
Chinese | 文職 (non-military), 平民 (Populace). (various references) | |
Czech | civilní (civil, oppidan), civilista, civil. (various references) | |
Danish | civil (civil, non-military). (various references) | |
Dutch | civiel (civil, non-military). (various references) | |
Esperanto | civila (civil, non-military). (various references) | |
Faeroese | borgaraligur (civil, non-military). (various references) | |
Farsi | غیرنظامی (Civil), شخص غیرنظامی . (various references) | |
Finnish | siviilihenkilö, siviili (in civoy street). (various references) | |
French | civil (civil). (various references) | |
German | zivilist, zivil (civil, civilian clothes, civvies, friendly, non-military, reasonable). (various references) | |
Greek | ιδιώτησ (private citizen), πολιτικόσ (civil, political, politician, politico), πολίτησ (citizen). (various references) | |
Hebrew | אזרחן, אזרחי (civic, civil), אזרחני, אזרח (citizen, denizen, native, subject). (various references) | |
Hungarian | polgári (bourgeois, civic, civil, non-military), civil (civies, civil, civvies, non-military), polgári egyén. (various references) | |
Italian | civile (civil, non-military, urbane). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 非戦闘員 (non-combatant), 文民 , 民間人 (non-government person), 民間 (civil, folk, popular, private, unofficial), 民間 (civil, folk, popular, private, unofficial), 民生 (consumer, people's welfare or livelihood). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ひせんとういん (non-combatant), ぶんみん, みんせい (civil government, consumer, democracy, Democratic Youth League of Japan, people's welfare or livelihood), みんかんじん (non-government person), みんかん (civil, folk, popular, private, unofficial). (various references) | |
Korean | 민간인. (various references) | |
Manx | shivoilagh, shivoil (civil). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | iviliancay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | civil (citizen, civic, civil, gownsman, temporal). (various references) | |
Romanian | civil (citizen, civil). (various references) | |
Russian | гражданский (civic, civil). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | civilni (civil), civil, građanski (civic, civil). (various references) | |
Spanish | civil (civil, non-military), paisano (one from the same country). (various references) | |
Swedish | civil (civil). (various references) | |
Turkish | sivil (civil, secular, unmilitary). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | цивільне населення, цивільна особа (citizen, gownsman), цивільний (civic, civil, private, temporal), фахівець з цивільного права, штатський (civil). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | thường dân (layman, vulgar), người thường (mediocrity). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Old French | 900-1400 | civilien. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "civilian": civilianization, civilianizations, civilianize, civilianized, civilianizes, civilianizing, civilians. (additional references) | |
| |
"Civilian" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: calvinian, Camilion, cecilian, civilan, civili, civilia, civiliam, Covilham, cuverian, cybilia, givetian, riviniana, Sevillana. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "civilian" (pronounced suvi"lyun) |
| 7 | -u v i" l y u n | pavilion. |
| 6 | -v i" l y u n | vaudevillian. |
| 5 | -i" l y u n | billion, jillion, million, multibillion, multimillion, octillion, pillion, trillion, vermilion, Vermillion, zillion. |
| 4 | -l y u n | battalion, bullion, medallion, rebellion, scallion, scullion, stallion. |
| 3 | -y u n | banyan, Canyon, communion, companion, disunion, dominion, grunion, minion, nonunion, onion, opinion, pinion, reunion, union. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-i-i-l-n-v" | |
-1 letter: incivil, vicinal. | |
-2 letters: clivia. | |
-3 letters: acini, anvil, cavil, cilia, civil, clavi, iliac, linac, nival, vinal, vinca, vinic. | |
-4 letters: anil, cain, clan, ilia, inia, laic, lain, nail, vail, vain, vial, vina. | |
-5 letters: ail, ain, ani, can, lac, lav, lin, nil, vac, van, via. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-i-i-l-n-v" | |
+1 letter: civilians. | |
+3 letters: civilianize, inviolacies. | |
+4 letters: civilianized, civilianizes, civilisation, civilization, conciliative, conviviality, indicatively, vilification. | |
+5 letters: civilianizing, civilisations, civilizations, provincialism, provincialist, provinciality, provincialize, vilifications, vivisectional, volcanicities, vulcanicities. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Company Usage 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Abbreviations 19. Acronyms 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.