Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

BTOA

Specialty Definition: BTOA

Domain	Definition
Computing	Btoa /B too A/ A binary to ASCII conversion utility. btoa is a uuencode or base 64 equivalent which addresses some of the problems with the uuencode standard but not as many as the base 64 standard. It avoids problems that some hosts have with spaces (e.g. conversion of groups of spaces to tabs) by not including them in its character set, but may still have problems on non-ASCII systems (e.g. EBCDIC). btoa is primarily used to transfer binary files between systems across connections which are not eight-bit clean, e.g. electronic mail. btoa takes adjacent sets of four binary octets and encodes them as five ASCII octets using ASCII characters '!' through to 'u'. Special characters are also used: 'x' marks the beginning or end of the archive; 'z' marks four consecutive zeros and 'y' (version 5.2) four consecutive spaces. Each group of four octets is processed as a 32-bit integer. Call this 'I'. Let 'D' = 85^4. Divide I by D. Call this result 'R'. Make I = I - (R * D) to avoid overflow on the next step. Repeat, for values of D = 85^3, 85^2, 85 and 1. At each step, to convert R to the output character add decimal 33 (output octet = R + ASCII value for '!'). Five output octets are produced. btoa provides some integrity checking in the form of a line checksum, and facilities for patching corrupted downloads. The algorithm used by btoa is more efficient than uuencode or base 64. ASCII files are encoded to about 120% the size of their binary sources. This compares with 135% for uuencode or base 64. C source (ftp://hpux.csc.liv.ac.uk/hpux/Misc/btoa-5.2/) (version 5.2 - ~1994). Pre-compiled MS-DOS versions are also available. (1997-08-08). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Abbreviations & Acronyms: BTOA

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
BTOA	English	Binary TO ASCII	Computer - (ASCII)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Crosswords: BTOA

Specialty definitions using "BTOA": atob. (references)

Anagrams: BTOA

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: boat, bota.
	Words within the letters "a-b-o-t"
	-1 letter: abo, bat, boa, bot, oat, tab, tao.
	-2 letters: ab, at, ba, bo, ta, to.
	Words containing the letters "a-b-o-t"
	+1 letter: abbot, abort, about, baton, biota, bloat, boart, boast, boats, botas, jabot, sabot, taboo, tabor.
	+2 letters: abator, abbots, aborts, abvolt, ballot, batboy, bathos, batons, biotas, bloats, boarts, boasts, boated, boatel, boater, bobcat, bonita, borate, botany, cobalt, combat, hatbox, jabots, lobate, oblast, oblate, obtain, rabato, rebato, rubato, sabots, taboos, tabors, tabour, teabox, tombac, tombak, tombal, wombat.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: BTOA

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

42 54 4F 41

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-... - --- .-

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000010 01010100 01001111 01000001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#66 &#84 &#79 &#65

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0042 0054 004F 0041

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

36544935

INDEX

1. Crosswords
2. Abbreviations
3. Acronyms
4. Anagrams

5. Orthography
6. Bibliography

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.