Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Atom

Definition: Atom

Atom

Noun

1. (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.

2. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "atom" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references)

Note: Atom \At"om\, transitive verb. To reduce to atoms. [Obsolete]. (Websters 1913)


Specialty Definition: Atom

DomainDefinition

Chemistry

Smallest part of an element, with no net electric charge, which can enter into chemical combinations. Source: European Union. (references)

Computing

A proposition in logic that cannot be broken down into other propositions. Source: European Union. (references)

Energy

The smallest particle of an element that cannot be divided or broken up by chemical means. It consists of a central core of protons and neutrons, called the nucleus. Electrons revolve in orbits in the region surrounding the nucleus. (references)
 The smallest unit of an element consisting of a densepositively charged nucleus (of protons and neutrons) orbited by negativelycharged electrons. (references)

Mining

According to the atomic theory, the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination with similar particles of the same element or of a different element. The smallest particle of an element that enters into the composition of a molecule. (references)

Public Administration

The smallest particle of elemental matter into which it can be divided while retaining its chemical properties, in an electrically neutral state, consisting of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged corpuscles(electrons). Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Atom

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

An atom is the smallest, irreducible constituent of a chemical system. The word is derived from the Greek atomos, indivisible, from a-, not, and tomos, a cut. It usually means chemical atoms, the basic constituents of molecules and ordinary matter. These atoms are not divisible by chemical reactions but are now known to be composed of even smaller subatomic particles. The sizes of these atoms are generally in the range from 10 pm to 100 pm. This article discusses these chemical atom(s).

The variety of matter that is dealt with in everyday experience consists of discrete atoms. The existence of such particles was first proposed by Greek philosophers such as Democritus, Leucippus, and the Epicureans, but without any real way to be sure, the concept disappeared until it was revived by Rudjer Boscovich in the 18th century, and after that applied to chemistry by John Dalton.

Rudjer Boscovich based his theory on Newtonian mechanics and published it in 1758 within his Theoria philosophiae naturalis redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium. According to Boscovich, atoms are stuctureless points, which exhibit repelling and attracting forces on each other, depending on distance. John Dalton used the atomic theory to explain why gases always combine in simple ratios. It was with Amedeo Avogadro's work, in the 19th century, that scientists began to distinguish atoms and molecules. In modern times atoms have been observed experimentally.

As it turns out, atoms are themselves made out of smaller particles. In fact, almost all of an atom is empty space. At the center is a tiny positive nucleus composed of nucleons (protons and neutrons), and the rest of the atom contains only the fairly flexible electron shells. Usually atoms are electrically neutral with as many electrons as protons. Atoms are generally classified by the atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the atom. For example, carbon atoms are those atoms containing 6 protons. All atoms with the same atomic number share a wide variety of physical properties and exhibit the same chemical behavior. The various kinds of atoms are listed in the Periodic table. Atoms having the same atomic number, but different atomic masses (due to their different numbers of neutrons), are called isotopes.

The simplest atom is the hydrogen atom, having atomic number 1 and consisting of one proton and one electron. It has been the subject of much interest in science, particularly in the early development of quantum theory.

The chemical behavior of atoms is largely due to interactions between the electrons. In particular the electrons in the outermost shell, called the valence electrons, have the greatest influence on chemical behavior. Core electrons (those not in the outer shell) play a role, but it is usually in terms of a secondary effect due to screening of the positive charge in the atomic nucleus.

There is a strong tendency for atoms to completely fill (or empty) the outer electron shell, which in hydrogen and helium has space for two electrons, and in all other atoms has space for eight. This is achieved either by sharing electrons with neighboring atoms or by completely removing electrons from other atoms. When electrons are shared a covalent bond is formed between the two atoms. Covalent bonds are the strongest type of atomic bond.

When one or more electrons are completely removed from one atom by another, ions are formed. Ions are atoms that possess a net charge due to an imbalance in the number of protons and electrons. The ion that stole the electron(s) is called an anion and is negatively charged. The atom that lost the electron(s) is called a cation and is positively charged. Cations and anions are attracted to each other due to coulombic forces between the positive and negative charges. This attraction is called ionic bonding and is weaker than covalent bonding.

As mentioned above covalent bonding implies a state in which electrons are shared equally between atoms, while ionic bonding implies that the electrons are completely confined to the anion. Except for a limited number of extreme cases, neither of these pictures is completely accurate. In most cases of covalent bonding, the electron is unequally shared, spending more time around the more electronegative atom, resulting in the covalent bond having some ionic character. Similarly, in ionic bonding the electrons often spend a small fraction of time around the more electropositive atom, resulting in some covalent character for the ionic bond.

Models of the atom:

See also: Other meanings:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Atom."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Atom

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

ATOM

EnglishAustralian Teachers of MediaEducation

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Atom

Synonyms: molecule (n), mote (n), particle (n), speck (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Atom

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Inextension

Noun: inextension, nonextension, point; dot; atom; (smallness).

Littleness

Point; atom; (small quantity); fragment; (small part); powder; point of a pin, mathematical point; minutiae; (unimportance).

Smallness

Small quantity, modicum, trace, hint, minimum; vanishing point; material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, ace; minutiae, details; look, thought, idea, soupcon, dab, dight, whit, tittle, shade, shadow; spark, scintilla, gleam; touch, cast; grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim, sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, sprinkling, dash, morceau, screed, smack, tinge, tincture; inch, patch, scantling, tatter, cantlet, flitter, gobbet, mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter, shive; snip, snippet; snick, snack, snatch, slip, scrag; chip, chipping; shiver, sliver, driblet, clipping, paring, shaving, hair.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Atom

English words defined with "atom": carbon atomhydrogen atomRutherford atomVortex atom. (references)
Specialty definitions using "atom": Bohr atomdopant atom, doping atomexcited atomhot atomimplanted atom, interstitial atomknocked-on atom, knock-on atomlabeled atommetastable atomSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment, substitutional impurity atomun-neutralised impurity atom, un-neutralized impurity atom. (references)
Etymologies containing "atom": Propargyl. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Atom" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (atom, atomy, monad), Czech (atom), Danish (atom), German (atom, corpuscle), Hungarian (atom, atomic, nuclear), Indonesian (atom), Papiamen (atom), Romanian (atom, corpuscle, particle), Serbo-Croatian (atom), Swedish (atom), Turkish (atom, atomic, atomical, atomy, monad, nuclear), Welsh (atom).

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Modern Usage: Atom

DomainUsage

Screenplays

I was just going to have some iced tea and split the atom. (The Bridges of Madison County; writing credit: Richard LaGravenese)

He's fired rockets at the Moon, split the atom, achieved miracles in every field of human endeavor except crime! (Goldfinger; writing credit: Richard Maibaum)

Lyrics

Every atom in my body could inhale her (Girl With the Hungry Eyes; performing artist: JEFFERSON STARSHIP)

Movie/TV Titles

Mechenyj atom (1972)

The Atom Boom (1967)

Atom Bomb (1964)

Tetsuwan Atom (1963)

Our Friend the Atom (1958)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Atom

DomainTitle

References

  • Atom Corporation: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Atom : An Odyssey from the Big Bang to Life on Earth...and Beyond (reference)

  • Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932-1958 (reference)

  • Biography of an Atom (reference)

  • The Atom Archives (Dc Archive Editions.) (reference)

  • The Ghost in the Atom : A Discussion of the Mysteries of Quantum Physics (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Theater & Movies

  • Atom Man vs. Superman, Vols. 1 & 2 (Complete) (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Atom

Illustrations:
Atom

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Atom

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Atom

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Composite photograph, (top) Allied war correspondent standing amid ruins of Museum of Science and Industry (now Genbaku Dome) in Hiroshima-shi, Japan, weeks after impact of atom bomb in 1945; (bottom) British demonstrators marching in neighborhood with si. Credit: Library of Congress.

Atom fur die Welt : unterstutzen auch Sie durch die kleine Spende Ihrer Gleichgultigkeit unsere hungrige Atomindustrie!. Credit: Library of Congress.

The Atom bomb is a paper tiger which the U.S. reactionaries use to scare people ... Credit: Library of Congress.

  

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Sounds Captioned with "Atom".

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Volt; voltage; electricity; spark; atom; beam; fire; flare; flicker; gleam; glint; glitter; glow; hint; jot; nucleus; ray; scintilla; scintillation; scrap; sparkle; spit; trace; vestige; dangerous; glitter; glint; sparkle; sparkling.Bomb; explode; explosion; atom bomb; bombshell; charge; device; explosive; grenade; hydrogen bomb; mine; missile; nuclear bomb; projectile; rocket; shell; ticker; torpedo; submarine.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Atom

AuthorQuotation

Kabbalah

The atom, being for all practical purposes the stable unit of the physical plane, is a constantly changing vortex of reactions.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Atom

AuthorDateQuotation

John F. Kennedy

1961

But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Atom

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Chemically it consists in the increase of positive charges on an atom or the loss of negative charges. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

MOLECULE, n. The ultimate, indivisible unit of matter. It is distinguished from the corpuscle, also the ultimate, indivisible unit of matter, by a closer resemblance to the atom, also the ultimate, indivisible unit of matter. Three great scientific theories of the structure of the universe are the molecular, the corpuscular and the atomic. A fourth affirms, with Haeckel, the condensation of precipitation of matter from ether -- whose existence is proved by the condensation of precipitation. The present trend of scientific thought is toward the theory of ions. The ion differs from the molecule, the corpuscle and the atom in that it is an ion. A fifth theory is held by idiots, but it is doubtful if they know any more about the matter than the others.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Atom

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963Through hot wars and cold, through recession and prosperity, through the ages of the atom and outer space, the American people have never faltered and their faith has never flagged.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Atom

"Atom" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.02% of the time. "Atom" is used about 511 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)99.02%50611,943
Lexical Verb (base form)0.78%4175,879
Lexical Verb (infinitive)0.2%1339,140
                    Total100.00%511N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Atom

CountryName
Japan

Atom Corporation

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Atom

Expressions using "atom": asymmetric carbon atom Atom bomb atom fission atom smasher atom splitting Bohr atom carbon atom donor atom dopant atom doping atom energetic neutral atom gram atom hot atom hydrogen atom implanted atom impurity atom interstitial atom Rutherford atom substitutional impurity atom Unsymmetrical carbon atom vortex atom. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "atom": atom-age, atom-bomb, atom-bombardment, atom-bomber, atom-clouds, atom-fired, atom-free, atom-powered, atom-radical, atom-smashing.

Ending with "atom": heavy-atom.

Containing "atom": an-atom-ical.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Atom

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

atom

956

part of an atom

18

atom film

498

paradigm atom

17

atom bomb

292

atom carbon

16

picture of atom

121

atom bomb hiroshima

13

atom time

120

atom bohr model

13

atom his package

93

atom heart mother

13

atom structure

69

atom image

12

x man child of the atom

54

atom splitting

12

atom ant

53

atom bohr

12

child of the atom

40

atom oliver

12

atom model

38

atom child man rom x

11

atom bomb picture

37

animation atom

11

atom his package lyrics

33

atom smasher

10

atom history

26

ariel atom

10

atom clock

24

atom bomb pic

10

atom diagram

23

oxygen atom

9

atom molecule

23

atom movie

9

atom egoyan

22

atom family

9

atom films.com

21

atom symbol

9

the hydrogen atom

19

atom bomb history

9
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Atom

Language Translations for "atom"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

atoom. (various references)

   

Albanian

  

atom (atomy, monad), çikë (bit, doit, drachm, dram, dribblet, drop, hoot, jot, near, scrap, tithe, tittle, whit). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏ذرة عنصرية, ‏الذرة مقدار بالغ الصغر, ‏الذرة بوصفها مصدارا للطاقة. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

частица (bit, fleck, fraction, molecule, particle, sippet, tittle, vestige, whit), атом (atomy). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

原子 (atomic). (various references)

   

Czech

  

atom, zrnko (element, grain, granule), troška (dab, mite, touch, trace, whit). (various references)

   

Danish

  

atom. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

atoom. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

atomo. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

هسته (Kernel, Nucleus, Stone), کوچکترین ذره , جوهرفرد (Element), جزء لایتجزی , اتم . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

atomi. (various references)

   

French

  

atome. (various references)

   

German

  

atom (corpuscle). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

άτομο (individual, person). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

atom (atomic, nuclear). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

atom. (various references)

   

Irish

  

adamh. (various references)

   

Italian

  

atomo (atomy, mote). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

原子 , 微塵 (particle), アト"ー性皮膚炎 (ad, ad impact, add-on, add-on module, adobe, advertisement, at random, atmosphere, atomic, atopic dermatitis, atrium, attraction, attractive, attractor, attribute, autoload, studio). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

アト , '"し (apparition, capital, origin, original poem, phantom limb, primeval, principal, reduction of capital, silkworm egg sheet, stencil, strict order, thread for weaving, vision, visual hallucination, your order), みじ" (particle). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

원자 (atomic, Atomical). (various references)

   

Manx

  

breneen (mote, particle). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

atom. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

atomay

   

Portuguese

  

átomo (atomy, particle, speck). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

atomic (atomic), atom (corpuscle, particle), urmã (clew, clue, footmark, footprint, furrow, impress, impression, imprint, indent, jot, Mark, patent office, print, pug, rear, rearward, relic, remnant, rut, scent, seal, shadow, sign, slot, spoor, stamp, step, trace, track, trail, vestige, wake), strop (bead, bit, drop, grain, nip, ounce, Pearl, peg, spatter, speck, spot), pic (a wee bit, bead, bit, crumb, dash, drop, jot, pennyworth, pick, spark, spot, sprinkle, touch, whit), pãrticicã (bit, fleck, particle, speck), fãrâmã (bit, chip, crumb, element, fleck, fragment, morsel, particle, scrap, smithereens, speck, whit). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

атом (atoms, atomy). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

dùradan , durradan (an atom). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

atom. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

átomo (mote). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

atom. (various references)

   

Thai

  

อะตอม, ปริมา"ที่น้อยมาก. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

atom (atomic, atomical, atomy, monad, nuclear). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

atom (r). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

крихітна істота, найдрібніша частка (minim), атом (corpuscle, corpuscule). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

vật nhỏ, (crumb). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

atom, rhithyn (particle, scintilla), mymryn (bit, mite, particle), gronyn (grain, grape, roe), cyrbibyn (smithereen). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Atom

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Greek700 BCE-300 CE

atomos. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

corpora, corpore, corpori, corporibus, corporis, corporum, corpus, corpusque, particula, particulam, particulatim, scintilla. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Atom

Derivations

Words beginning with "atom": atomic, atomical, atomically, atomics, atomies, atomise, atomised, atomiser, atomisers, atomises, atomising, atomism, atomisms, atomist, atomistic, atomistically, atomists, atomization, atomizations, atomize, atomized, atomizer, atomizers, atomizes, atomizing, atoms, atomy. (additional references)

Words ending with "atom": antiatom, diatom, heteroatom, multiatom, subatom. (additional references)

Words containing "atom": anatomic, anatomical, anatomically, anatomies, anatomise, anatomised, anatomises, anatomising, anatomist, anatomists, anatomize, anatomized, anatomizes, anatomizing, anatomy, antiatoms, dermatomal, dermatome, dermatomes, diatomaceous, diatomic, diatomite, diatomites, diatoms, dilatometer, dilatometers, dilatometric, dilatometries, dilatometry, hecatomb, hecatombs, hematoma, hematomas, hematomata, hepatoma, hepatomas, hepatomata, hepatomegalies, hepatomegaly, heteroatoms, interatomic, keratoma, keratomas, keratomata, microanatomical, microanatomies, microanatomy, monatomic, neuroanatomic, neuroanatomical, neuroanatomies. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Atom" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Acom, actem, acttm, adomi, adum, afon, afto, ahto, alom, altum, amom, amot, anom, antam, aom, aot, aroom, Artem, Asom, atam, Atame, atan, atem, atemp, atemt, ateo, Atim, atin, Atko, Atmx, ato, atoa, atoe, atog, atoh, atoma, atomb, atome, atomi, aton, atony, atoo, ator, atos, atou, Atouma, atow, atox, atoy, atoz, Atrox, Attoh, Attow, atu, atub, atui, atum, Atumba, atumn, atuz, autem, avto, axom, azon, catom, daton, ectomy, etom, etome, fatom, fatum, Fatuma, Hatoum, itom, maktowm, oton, taon, taum, utom, uton, Watamu. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Atom"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "atom" (pronounced a"tum)
4a" t u mdatum, stratum.
3-t u maccustom, ageratum, antemortem, arboretum, autumn, Bantam, bottom, centum, custom, dictum, ecosystem, item, momentum, phantom, quantum, rectum, sanctum, subsystem, symptom, system, totem, ultimatum, verbatim, victim.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Atom

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: moat.

Words within the letters "a-m-o-t"

-1 letter: mat, moa, mot, oat, tam, tao, tom.

-2 letters: am, at, ma, mo, om, ta, to.

 Words containing the letters "a-m-o-t"
 

+1 letter: amort, atoms, atomy, magot, matzo, moats, stoma, toman.

 

+2 letters: almost, amatol, amount, atomic, comate, combat, diatom, fantom, fathom, format, maggot, magots, mahout, maloti, maltol, manito, marmot, mascot, matron, matzoh, matzos, matzot, moated, mortal, mortar, omenta, optima, outman, potman, smalto, somata, stomal, stomas, stroma, tampon, tomans, tomato, tombac, tombak, tombal, tomcat, wombat.

 

+3 letters: aftmost, amatols, amatory, amniote, amongst, amorist, amosite, amotion, amounts, anatomy, animato, antonym, apomict, apothem, atemoya, atomics, atomies, atomise, atomism, atomist, atomize, automan, automen, boatman, boatmen, bombast, bromate, bumboat, coadmit, cocomat, comates, comatic, comatik, combats, comitia, commata, compact, compart, diatoms, dogmata, doormat, dormant, fantoms, fathoms, flotsam, footman, formant, formate, formats, impasto, komatik, lomenta, madwort, maestro, maggots, maggoty, magneto, mahouts, maillot, maintop, maltols, maltose, mammoth, manihot, manitos, manitou, marcato, marmots, marplot, mascots, mastoid, matador, matelot, matrons, mattock, mattoid, matzohs, matzoon, matzoth, megaton, metazoa, metopae, moating, momenta, montage, montane, mordant, mortals, mortars, mortary, mozetta, mulatto, myomata, nonmeat, oatmeal, omental, optimal, osmatic, osteoma, ostmark, ottoman, outbeam, outmans, outswam, pantoum, phantom, pomatum, postman, potamic, ptomain, romaunt, scotoma, sfumato, smaltos, somatic, somital, stardom, stomach, stomata, stomate, stromal, subatom, tamarao, tambour, tampion, tampons, taproom, tearoom, telamon, teraohm, timpano, tinamou, tokamak, tokomak, tollman, tomback, tombacs, tombaks, tombola, tomcats, tomenta, tonearm, tongman, topmast, toxemia, transom, tritoma, tsardom, tumoral, twasome, tympano, tzardom, wombats.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Sounds
9. Quotations: Familiar
10. Quotations: Historic
11. Quotations: Non-fiction
12. Quotations: Speeches
13. Usage Frequency
14. Names: Company Usage
15. Expressions
16. Expressions: Internet
17. Translations: Modern
18. Translations: Ancient
19. Abbreviations
20. Acronyms
21. Derivations
22. Rhymes
23. Anagrams
24. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.