Arsenic

Definition: Arsenic

Arsenic

Noun

1. A very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar.

2. A white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide and weed killer.

Date "arsenic" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references)

Specialty Definition: Arsenic

Domain	Definition
Satire	ARSENIC, n. A kind of cosmetic greatly affected by the ladies, whom it greatly affects in turn. "Eat arsenic? Yes, all you get," Consenting, he did speak up; "'Tis better you should eat it, pet, Than put it in my teacup." Joel Huck. Source: Devil's Dictionary.
Chemistry	A metallic element used as a donor impurity in germanium and silicon. Source: European Union. (references)
Mining	A metallic, steel-gray, brittle element. Symbol, As. Found native in realgar and orpiment, and combined with heavy metals. Used in bronzing, pyrotechny, insecticides, and poisons, and as a doping agent in transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Arsenic and its compounds arepoisonous. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Specialty Definition: Arsenic

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Germanium - Arsenic - Selenium
P Ar Sb
	Full table

General

Name, Symbol, Number

Arsenic, As, 33

Series

Metalloids

Group, Period, Block

15 (VA), 4 , p

Density, Hardness

5727 kg/m³, 3.5

Appearance

metallic grey

Atomic Properties

Atomic weight

74.92160 amu

Atomic radius (calc.)

115 (114) pm

Covalent radius

119 pm

van der Waals radius

185 pm

Electron configuration

[Ar]33d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³

e^- 's per energy level

2, 8, 18, 5

Oxidation states (Oxide)

+-3,5 (mildly acidic)

Crystal structure

Rhombohedral

Physical Properties

State of matter

solid

Melting point

1090 K (1503 °F)

Boiling point

887 K (1137 °F)

Molar volume

12.95 ×1010^-3 m³/mol

Heat of vaporization

34.76 kJ/mol

Heat of fusion

369.9 kJ/mol

Vapor pressure

__ Pa at __ K

Speed of sound

__ m/s at __ K

Miscellaneous

Electronegativity

2.18 (Pauling scale)

Specific heat capacity

330 J/(kg*K)

Electrical conductivity

3.45 10⁶/m ohm

Thermal conductivity

50 W/(m*K)

1^st ionization potential

947.0 kJ/mol

2^nd ionization potential

1798 kJ/mol

3^rd ionization potential

2735 kJ/mol

4^th ionization potential

4837 kJ/mol

5^th ionization potential

6043 kJ/mol

6^th ionization potential

12310 kJ/mol

Most Stable Isotopes

iso	NA	half-life	DM	DE MeV	DP
⁷⁵As	100%	As is stable with 42 neutrons

SI units & STP are used except where noted.

Arsenic is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. This is a notorious poisonous metalloid that has three allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey. Arsenic and its compounds are used as pesticides, herbicides and insecticides and various alloys.

Notable Characteristics

Arsenic is chemically very similar to its predecessor phosphorus, so much so that it will partly substitute for it in biochemical reactions and is thus poisonous. When heated it rapidly oxidizes to arsenous oxide, which has a garlic odor. Arsenic and some arsenic compounds can also sublime upon heating, converting to gaseous form directly. Elemental arsenic is found in two solid forms: yellow and gray/metallic, with [specific gravities of 1.97 and 5.73, respectively.

Applications

Lead arsenate has been used, well into the 20th century, as a pesticide on fruit trees (resulting in neurological damage to those working the sprayers), and copper arsenate has even been recorded in the 19th century as a coloring agent in sweets. Other uses;

Various agricultural insecticides and poisons.
Gallium arsenide is an important semiconductor material, used in integrated circuits. Circuits made using the compound are much faster (but also much more expensive) than those made in silicon. Unlike silicon it is direct bandgap, and so can be used in is used in laser diodes and LEDs to directly convert electricity into light.
Arsenic trioxide has been used in hematology to treat patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia that are resistant to ATRA treatment
Also used in; bronzing, pyrotechny

History

Arsenic (Greek arsenikon, meaning "yellow orpiment") has been known and used since ancient times. It has been frequently used for murder, the symptoms of arsenic poisoning being somewhat ill-defined, until the advent of the Marsh test, a sensitive chemical test for its presence.

Albertus Magnus is believed to have been the first to isolate the element in 1250. In 1649 Johann Schroeder published two ways of preparing arsenic.

Occurrence

Arsenopyrite also called mispickel (FeSAsAs) is the most common mineral from which, on heating, the arsenic sublimes leaving ferrous sulfide.

The most important compounds of arsenic are white arsenic, its sulfide, Paris green, calcium arsenate, and lead arsenate. Paris green, calcium arsenate, and lead arsenate have been used as agricultural insecticides and poisons. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulfur.

Precautions

Arsenic and many of its compounds are especially potent poisons. Arsenic kills by massively disrupting the digestive system, leading to death from shock. See arsenic poisoning.

External Links

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Arsenic."

Top

Synonyms: Arsenic

Synonyms: arsenic trioxide (n), arsenous anhydride (n), arsenous oxide (n), atomic number 33 (n). (additional references)

Top

Synonyms within Context: Arsenic

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Bane	Poison, toxin; teratogen; leaven, virus venom; arsenic; antimony, tartar emetic; strychnine, nicotine; miasma, miasm, mephitis, malaria, azote, sewer gas; pest.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Top

Crosswords: Arsenic

English words defined with "arsenic": Aqua Tofana, arsenate, arsenic acid, arsenic trioxide, arsenical, Arsenical silver, Arsenicate, Arsenicism, arsenide, Arseniferous, arsenious, Arseniureted, arsenopyrite, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, As, atomic number 33, atomic number 83 ♦ Bi, Binarseniate, bismuth, Burning house ♦ Enargite ♦ Fowler's solution ♦ Geocronite, Glaucodot ♦ King's yellow ♦ Leucopyrite ♦ mispickel ♦ orpiment ♦ Polybasite, Proustite, Pyroarsenic ♦ Ratsbane, realgar, Red orpiment, Rhusma ♦ Semimetal, Sesquisulphide, shot metal, Skutterudite, Speculum metal, Sulpharsenic, Sulphoarsenic ♦ tambac, Tennantite, Tetratomic, tombac, tombak ♦ Ullmannite, Ustulation ♦ Zarnich. (references)

Specialty definitions using "arsenic": allemontite, annivite, antimonial arsenic, Arsenates, arsenical carcinoma, arsenical keratosis, Arsenicals, arsenic-induced skin cancer, arsenious acid, arsenious oxide, As2O3 ♦ Bowen's disease ♦ complex ore, crude sulfur ♦ DESULFURIZER OPERATOR, Dimercaprol ♦ false galena, flue dust, FURNACE OPERATOR ♦ gas desulphurizer, green salt ♦ Harris process ♦ ION IMPLANT MACHINE OPERATOR ♦ KETTLE TENDER I ♦ LABORER, GENERAL ♦ mock ore,mock lead ♦ NICKEL-PLANT OPERATOR ♦ pseudogalena ♦ rat poison, Roxarsone ♦ SACHARUM OFFICINALE, sick mercury, silicon-crystal donors, steel jack, sulfoarsenite, sweet roasting ♦ toxic dusts ♦ white Bengal fire. (references)

Etymologies containing "arsenic": Alkarsin ♦ Pyroarsenic ♦ Sulpharsenic. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Arsenic" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

French (arsenic), Romanian (arsenic).

Top

Modern Usage: Arsenic

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	It tastes like arsenic. These lights give me a headache; if they don't give you a headache, you must be dead, so let's arrange the funeral! (Joe Versus the Volcano; writing credit: John Patrick Shanley)
Movie/TV Titles	Arsenic and Old Lace (1969) Mr. Arsenic (1952) Arsenic and Old Lace (1944)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Commercial Usage: Arsenic

Domain	Title
References	The World Market for Selenium, Tellurium, Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Boron: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Arsenic and Old Lace (reference) Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects IV (reference) Arsenic in Drinking Water (reference) Arsenic Treatability Options and Evaluation of Residuals Management Issues (reference) Dri Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, vanadi (reference) (more book examples)

Theater & Movies	1940s Classics 7-Pack (Casablanca / The Maltese Falcon / The Philadelphia Story / Arsenic and Old Lace / The Big Sleep / Now, Voyager / Citizen Kane) (reference) Arsenic and Old Lace (reference) City Confidential - Dallas: Arsenic And Old Money (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	If Arsenic Fails, Try Algebra (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Photo Album: Arsenic

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Figure 22. Chemical elements that are dissolved in sea water. Major elements are sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, silicon, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Minor elements are titanium, nitrogen, phosphorus , arsenic, boron, rubidium, cesium, lithium, strontium, barium, zinc, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, lead, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.		Figure 24. Quantity of arsenic in marine plants as noted by the French pharmacist and chemist Henri Marcelet as the result of studies at the Oceanographic Museum in 1912. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.
	Scenic view of Big Arsenic River as it flows in the Wild and Scenic Rivers wilderness in northern NM. Credit: Unknown.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Top

Non-Fiction Usage: Arsenic

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		A wide range of conditions including diabetes, hypothyroidism, vitamin B12 deficiencies, alcoholism, heavy metal poisoning (lead, arsenic, and other metals), and nerve entrapment syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, can also damage peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) and cause paresthesia. (references)
Economic History	Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan is also a large producer of beryllium, tantalum, barite, uranium, cadmium, and arsenic. (references)
	Georgia	There are also some deposits of arsenic, cobalt, tin, aluminum and other non-ferrous and rare metals such as gold and silver. (references)
Trade	Turkey	Such materials include hard coal, lignite, petrocoke, petroleum, arsenic, mercury, lead sulfides and carbonates, fluorocarbons, other chemicals and scrap metals. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top

Spoken Usage: Arsenic

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Rush Limbaugh	The Democrats scare their voters into thinking that, if you don't vote for the Democratic candidate, the Republican will kill your grandmother, put arsenic in the water, steal food from Little Timmy's mouth and destroy the earth itself.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Usage Frequency: Arsenic

"Arsenic" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.32% of the time. "Arsenic" is used about 148 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.32%	147	25,998
Noun (proper)	0.68%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	148	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top

Expression: Arsenic

Expressions using "arsenic": arsenic acid ♦ arsenic dermatosis ♦ arsenic group ♦ arsenic pock ♦ Arsenic Poisoning ♦ arsenic trioxide ♦ Ruby of arsenic ♦ white arsenic. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "arsenic": arsenic-induced, arsenic-poisoned, arsenic-rich.
	Ending with "arsenic": copper-arsenic.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Arsenic

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
arsenic	399	arsenic cancer trioxide	6
arsenic and old lace	117	pressure treated wood arsenic	6
arsenic poisoning	113	arsenic the element	6
arsenic poisoning symptom	42	arsenic in soil	6
arsenic trioxide	25	arsenic determination	6
arsenic poison	13	arsenic picture	6
arsenic in drinking water	12	arsenic toxicity	6
arsenic in water	11	arsenic water	6
arsenic symptom	11	arsenic expert geochemistry	5
arsenic removal	10	arsenic treated lumber	5
arsenic treated wood	10	arsenic poison symptom	5
arsenic lace old picture	8	arsenic contamination	5
arsenic lace old script	8	use of arsenic	5
arsenic testing	7	arsenic ro	5
pressure treated lumber arsenic	7	acid arsenic	5
arsenic poisioning	7	arsenic source	4
arsenic subsurface treatment	7	arsenic filter	4
arsenic removal subsurface	7	arsenic barrier reactive subsurface	4
arsenic information	7	arsenic water filter	4
arsenic lace old play	6	arsenic packet	4
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Modern Translation: Arsenic

Language		Translations for "arsenic"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		arsenik (arsenical). (various references)

Arabic		‏زرنيخي (arsenical), ‏زرنيخ. (various references)

Bulgarian		арсен. (various references)

Chinese		� �. (various references)

Czech		arzénový, arzén. (various references)

Danish		arsentrioxyd (arsenic trioxide, arsenious oxide, white arsenic), arsenik (arsenic trioxide, arsenious oxide, white arsenic), arsen. (various references)

Dutch		arsenicum (arsenic trioxide, arsenious oxide, white arsenic). (various references)

Esperanto		arsenoksido, arseniko. (various references)

Farsi		اکسیدارسنیک بفرمولsA2O3 . (various references)

Finnish		arsenikki (arsenic trioxide, arsenious oxide, white arsenic). (various references)

French		arsenic (arsenic trioxide, arsenious oxide, white arsenic). (various references)

German		Arsen, Arsenik (arsenic trioxide, arsenious acid, arsenious oxide, As2O3, rat poison, white arsenic). (various references)

Greek		αρσενικό (male, sire). (various references)

Hebrew		ארסן, זר� יך. (various references)

Hungarian		arzén (arsenium). (various references)

Indonesian		arsenikum, arsen, berangan. (various references)

Italian		arsenico (arsenical). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		� '� . (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ひそ. (various references)

Korean		비소. (various references)

Manx		arsnick, arsnagh (arsenical). (various references)

Papiamen		arséniko. (various references)

Pig Latin		arsenicay

Portuguese		arsênico (arsenal). (various references)

Romanian		arsenic, de arsenic (arsenical). (various references)

Russian		мышьяк. (various references)

Scottish		arsnaig. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		arsen. (various references)

Spanish		arsénico (arsenical). (various references)

Swedish		arsenik. (various references)

Thai		เกี่ยวกับสารหนู, สารหนู. (various references)

Turkish		arsenik (ratsbane). (various references)

Ukrainian		миш'яковий (arsenical), миш'як. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top

Ancestral Language Translations: Arsenic

Language	Period	Translations
Greek	700 BCE-300 CE	arsenikon. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Top

Derivations & Misspellings: Arsenic

Derivations
	Words beginning with "arsenic": arsenical, arsenicals, arsenics. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Arsenic" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: areic, arenic, Arenig, Aresnio, Argenis, arselick, Arsen, arsena, arsenil, Arsenis, Arsizio, arsnic, Arwenack, Arwennack, Asencio, Ausencio, Marendic, opsonic, orsanic, Resnik, Trstenik, unscenic. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top

Rhyming with "Arsenic"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "arsenic" (pronounced Ä"rsunik)
4	-u n i k	Dominick.
3	-n i k	allophonic, avionic, beatnik, botanic, bubonic, calisthenic, carcinogenic, catatonic, chronic, clinic, conic, cynic, demonic, diatonic, electronic, embryonic, ethnic, eugenic, galvanic, ganglionic, germanic, gnomonic, hallucinogenic, harmonic, hedonic, hegemonic, histrionic, hydroponic, hypersonic, hypertonic, inorganic, ionic, ironic, isoelectronic, isotonic, kibbutznik, laconic, leptonic, manic, masonic, mechanic, messianic, microelectronic, mnemonic, monoclinic, monophonic, multiethnic, neotenic, nucleonic, oceanic, organic, orogenic, ovonic, panic, pathogenic, pharaonic, philharmonic, phonic, photogenic, planktonic, platonic, plutonic, pneumonic, polyphonic, polytechnic, psychogenic, pyrotechnic, refusenik, sardonic, satanic, scenic, schizophrenic, sonic, splenic, Sputnik, supersonic, symphonic, synchronic, technic, tectonic, telegenic, telephonic, Titanic, tonic, transgenic, transoceanic, tunic, tympanic, ultrasonic, volcanic.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top

Anagrams: Arsenic

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: arcsine, carnies.
	Words within the letters "a-c-e-i-n-r-s"
	-1 letter: arisen, arsine, cairns, caners, caries, carnie, casein, casern, cerias, cranes, ericas, incase, nacres, rances.
	-2 letters: acnes, acres, airns, anise, areic, arise, cains, cairn, caner, canes, cares, carns, carse, ceria, cines, cires, crane, cries, earns, erica, escar, nacre, narcs, nares, naric, naris, nears, nicer, races, rains, raise, rance, ranis, reins, resin, rices, rinse.
	Words containing the letters "a-c-e-i-n-r-s"
	+1 letter: acarines, archines, arcsines, arsenics, brisance, canaries, canister, carbines, carlines, carmines, ceratins, cesarian, cisterna, crannies, creasing, creatins, cremains, fanciers, inarches, increase, lanciers, narceins, raciness, scantier, scenario, tacrines.
	+2 letters: acridines, acridness, acroleins, anarchies, anoretics, anorexics, arccosine, ardencies, arsenical, ascertain, bacterins, braincase, brisances, caesarian, canisters, canneries, cannister, canonries, caponiers, carabines, caressing, carnifies, censorial, centiares, cesarians, chantries, chariness, chicaners, cisternae, cisternal, clarinets, clearings, cocineras, craniates, crankiest, craziness, creatines, creations, curarines, dicentras, errancies, escarping, franchise, increased, increaser, increases, insectary, insurance, interacts, iterances, jerricans, larcenies, larcenist, manicures, miscreant, muscarine, narceines, navicerts, nectaries, precisian, procaines, proscenia, radiances, reactions, recasting, reliances, rescaling, respacing, riddances, scenarios, scenarist, scrawnier, screaking, screaming, searching, sectarian, snatchier, truancies, variances, veronicas, vibrances.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.