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Definition: Arts |
ArtsNoun1. Studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills); "the college of arts and sciences". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "arts" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Census | (Annual Retail Trade Survey) A survey that shows national dollar volume estimates for sales, sales taxes, purchases, year-end inventories, sales/inventory ratios, gross margin, and accounts receivable balances of retail stores by kind of business. (Services Division). (references) |
Literature | Arts Degrees in Arts. In the mediæval ages the full course consisted of the three subjects which constituted the Trivium and the four subjects which constituted the Quadrivium: - The Trivium was grammar, logic, and rhetoric. The Quadrivium was music, arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy. The Master of Arts was the person qualified to teach or be the master of students in arts; as the Doctor was the person qualified to teach theology, law, or medicine. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Statistics | One of the 25 fields of education in the ISCED which includes the following educational programmes/subject groups:fine arts:drawing, painting, sculpture; performing arts:music, drama, dance, circus; graphic and audio-visual arts:photography, cinematography, music production, radio and TV production, printing and publishing; design; craft skills. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:ArtArt originally was the processes of man, and as such was synonymous with science. Nowadays it is in essence the foremost expression of human creativity. As difficult to define as it is to evaluate, given that each individual artist chooses the rules and parameters that guide her work, it can still be said that art is the process and the product of choosing a medium, a set of rules for the use of that medium, and a set of values that determine what deserves to be expressed through that medium, in order to convey either a belief, an idea, a sensation, or a feeling in the most effective way possible for that medium.
Opinions differ as to what can and cannot be defined as art; for example, can somebody make art if the creation was not intended to be art? Is art always a form of individual expression? Will a work of art only be art once it is finished? For a more in-depth discussion of these questions, see the article on the definition of art and read some quotations about art.
Types of art
There are many types of art; the history of art reaches back into prehistoric times. Today, art most often refers to the visual arts, specifically painting and sculpture, and photography. Art also commonly refers to the fine arts, which include music, literature, poetry, dance, and the theater. An outgrowth of the theater is film and animation, and more recently, multimedia.
When something is done especially well, it can be considered art: a feat of engineering such as the Golden Gate Bridge can be seen as a work of art. Architecture is certainly a type of art: consider the Eiffel Tower or the Notre Dame cathedral. Architecture is the synthesis of art and science. Even computer programming can be art; some people create poems in their favorite programming language.
Art doesn't have to be solely for aesthetic purposes; arts and crafts deals with making useful things into art. Commercial art ("visual communication") uses artistic methods to convey information such as advertising. Sometimes people make art out of random objects that weren't intended to be art; such art is called found art.
See also
- Aesthetics, the philosophy of beauty
- List of artworks
- Art history
For the Celtic mythological figure Art, see Airt
External links
- Great Museums in the World (Louvre, Metropolitan Museum, MoMA, Picasso …)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Art."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chinese Art is art both modern and ancient in the Chinese style.
Traditional arts
- Chinese opera - Traditional drama grew out of the zaju (variety plays) of the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) and continues to exist in 368 different forms, the best known of which is Beijing Opera.
- Chinese music - Traditional Chinese music appears to date back to the dawn of Chinese civilization. Modern Chinese music contain considerable western influences.
- Chinese painting and calligraphy - In imperial times, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles. Calligraphy was thought to be the highest and purest form of painting.
- Chinese paper art
Contemporary Performing Arts
See also:
- Chinese motion pictures - The Chinese film industry has continued to develop since film was introduced to China in 1896. Notably popular are Wuxia films and Martial arts films.
- Chinese folk arts - Chinese folk arts include puppetry and quyi, which consists of various kinds of storytelling and comic monologues and dialogues, often to the accompaniment of clappers, drums, or stringed instruments.
- Chinese variety arts - Variety arts, including tightrope walking, acrobatics, animal acts, and sleight of hand date back at least as far as the Han dynasty and have gained new respectability in recent times.
- Culture of China
- National Palace Museum
- Arts of the Far East
External Link
- New York Times article of September 13, 2002 In Old China's Stormiest Times, Nature Was the Eye
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chinese art."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Medieval Art is the art, including architecture, produced in Europe from the fall of the western Roman Empire in approximately 500 CE to start of the early modern period in approximately 1500 CE. Although most extant medieval art and architecture is religious, one must beware in assuming that the church was sole patron of art in the medieval period. Much of the religious art of the period in fact was commissioned by secular powers, and some secular art survives from throughout the period.Medieval artists depended, in varying degrees, upon artistic heritage of the Roman Empire and upon the legacy of the early Christian church. These sources were mixed with the vigorous "Barbarian" artistic culture of Northern Europe to produce a remarkable artistic legacy. Indeed the history of medieval art can be seen as the history of the interplay between the elements of classical, early Christian art, "Barbarian" art.
Classical Legacy and Early Christian Art
Christianity developed in the Roman Empire and, accordingly, early Christian art was strongly influenced by classical art in form, style and content. Almost nothing is known about the art of the first two centuries after death of Jesus. The earliest Christian art is funerary art especially in the wall paintings in the Roman catacombs and on several carved sarcophagi. Until the conversion of Constantine and the Edict of Milan, Christians had few public buildings. Services were held in 'house churches" such as that found at Dura-Europos.
After the Edict of Milan Christians were free to build larger, more public buildings, and indeed received Imperial patronage for a lavish building program. The Christians adopted the Roman basilica to their needs. Several large basilicas were built in the 4th and 5th centuries, including Old St. Peters and others.
Early Christians used the same artistic media as the surrounding pagan culture. These media include fresco, mosaics, sculpture, and manuscript illumination. They also adapted secular Roman architectural forms, especially the basilica, to ecclesiastical purposes.
Early Christian art not only uses Roman forms, it also used Roman styles. Late classical style included a proportional portrayal of the human body and impressionistic presentation of space. Late classical style is seen in early Christian frescos, such as those in the catacombs of Rome.
Early Christians adapted Roman motifs and gave new meanings to what had been pagan symbols. Among the motifs adopted were the peacock, grapevines, and the good shepherd. Early Christians also developed their own iconography. Some symbols such as the fish were not borrowed from pagan iconography.
Barbarian Art
Hiberno-Saxon Art
Byzantine Art
Merovingian Art
Carolingian Renaissance
Ottonian Art
Mozarabic Art
Romanesque Art
Gothic Art
Late Medieval Art
List of Late Antique, Early Christian and Medieval art monuments
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Medieval art."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
ARTS | English | Annual retail trade survey | N/A |
| ARAS | English | Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ArtsSynonyms: humanistic discipline (n), humanities (n), liberal arts (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Business | Vocation, calling, profession, cloth, faculty; industry, art; industrial arts; craft, mystery, handicraft; trade; (commerce). |
Representation | Noun: representation, representment; imitation; illustration, delineation, depictment; imagery, portraiture, iconography; design, designing; art, fine arts; painting; sculpture; engraving; photography, cinematography; radiography, autoradiography, fluorography, sciagraphy. |
Scholar | Noun: scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman, professor, graduate, wrangler; academician, academist; master of arts, doctor, gownsman; philosopher, master of math; scientist, clerk; sophist, sophister; linguist; glossolinguist, philologist; philologer; lexicographer, glossographer; grammarian; litterateur, literati, dilettanti, illuminati, cogniscenti; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi, Sanskritish; sinologist, sinologue; Mezzofanti, admirable Crichton, Mecaenas. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | When I learned martial arts from Sensei, he taught me that we learn to fight in order to avoid fighting (Digimon: Digital Monsters; writing credit: Dayna Barron) Or, if not smithies per se, were you otherwise trained in the metallurgic arts before straitened circumstances forced you into a life of aimless wanderin' (O Brother, Where Art Thou?; writing credit: Ethan Coen) Ugly?! I'll have you know they call me The Rose of Martial Arts around here (Rurouni Kenshin; writing credit: Johan Unenge; Måns Gahrton) I'm not afraid of you. I studied martial arts with some of the best Chinese masters (Just Married; writing credit: Sam Harper) Soon, you and your schoolmates will join us here, and your education in the magical arts will begin (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone; writing credit: Steven Kloves) | |
Movie/TV Titles | School for Sexual Arts (1973) The CBS Festival of Lively Arts for Young People (1973) Bachelor of Arts (1971) A Tribute to John F. Kennedy from the Arts (1963) Film Magazine of the Arts (1963) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Whaling vessels at New Bedford, Massachusetts, in October 1901. In: "Aquatic Products in Arts and Industries" by Charles H. Stevenson. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 186, Plate 11. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Deck of modern whaler, showing try-works, scraphopper, and utensils employed in trying-out oil. In: "Aquatic Products in Arts and Industries" by Charles H. Stevenson. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 196, Plate 13. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Plate 2 of "Description of four remarkable Fishes, taken near the Piscataqua in New Hampshire" by William Peck. 1804. In: "Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. II. - Part II. Page 56. Credit: Treasures of the Library. |  | Plate I of "History of the Fishes of Massachusetts" by David Humphreys Storer. Article IV of the "Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Series. Vol. V. - Part I. 1853. Page 92. Credit: Treasures of the Library. |
 | Wolf Trap Farm Park for the Performing Arts. Credit: NPS. |  | The subject of vaccination discussed before a meeting of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences] / WHO photo. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Dentistry In The Arts / National Institute of Dental Research. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Painting by Creative Arts Studio, prepared for use in an official film on Naval history, circa the early 1960s. It depicts an imaginary meeting of some of the Confederacy's naval leaders, including (seated, left to right): Captain Franklin Buchanan, Captain Josiah Tattnall, and Commander Matthew F. Maury. Shown standing (from left to right) are Captain George N. Hollins, Rear Admiral Raphael Semmes, and Secretary of the Navy Stephen Mallory. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Classical allegory of the arts with female figures representing painting, sculpture, and architecture. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Architectural drawing for an exhibition building ("American Exhibition of Foreign Products, Arts, and Manufactures") for Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. Perspective rendering. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Legion of fine arts" by Sherry Yeo Commentary: "You see the shadow of an architecture building reflecting on the pond waters. ." | "Pont des Arts" by Emmanuel Rivet Commentary: "Bridge : Pont des arts - background : Le Louvre museum." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Marcus T. Cicero | Silence is one of the great arts of conversation. |
Oscar Wilde | In a very ugly and sensible age, the arts borrow, not from life, but from each other. |
| The stage is not merely the meeting place of all the arts, but is also the return of art to life. | |
Pauline Kael | In the arts, the critic is the only independent source of information. The rest is advertising. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | New arts destroy the old. |
| The arts and inventions of each period are only its costume, and do not invigorate men. | |
Thomas Carlyle | Speech is human, silence is divine, yet also brutish and dead: therefore we must learn both arts. |
Voltaire | You must have the devil in you to succeed in the arts. |
William Shakespeare | O, had I but followed the arts! |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | To which, if one shall add rewards and punishments visibly employed to the same end, and all the arts of perverted law made use of, to take off and destroy all that stand in the way of such a design, and will not comply and consent to betray the liberties of their country, it will be past doubt what is doing. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads; Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy; Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. (reference) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (reference) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | Today, in contrast, many Negroes have achieved outstanding success in the arts and sciences as well as in the business and professional world. (reference) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961 | Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It implies a hatred of the arts. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | We have the liberal arts and we have the useful arts |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Occupational therapy (in which therapists help children develop skills needed for performing self-directed activities — occupations — such as dressing, feeding, and practicing arts and crafts), physiotherapy, and hydrotherapy may prolong mobility. (references) | |
Business | Exports of printing and graphic arts are insignificant. (references) | |
There is no local production of printing and graphic arts equipment. (references) | ||
The printing and graphic arts equipment pays between 5 and 0 percent. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Nigeria | In April the Katsina Arts and Musicians Association wrote to the Katsina House of Assembly protesting the arrest and detention of Sirajo Mai Asharalle. (references) |
Singapore | In April Parliament passed an amendment to the Singapore Broadcasting Act that empowers the Minister for Information and the Arts to "gazette" any foreign broadcaster deemed to be engaging in domestic politics. (references) | |
Singapore | In May, singer Janet Jackson's album "All for You" was banned officially by the Ministry of Information and the Arts due to the sexually explicit lyrics of one of its tracks; Jackson declined to delete the track from the album. (references) | |
Economic History | Russia | The Hermitage is one of the world's great fine arts museums. (references) |
Israel | The arts are actively encouraged and supported by the government. (references) | |
Turkey | As a result, the arts, literature, drama, and classical and contemporary music have flourished. (references) | |
Political Economy | Ukraine | Industry employs 19 percent of the workforce; education, culture, science, and arts employ 6.3 percent. (references) |
Trade | Argentina | The National Direction of Visual Arts controls exports of works of art and issues the correspondent certificate necessary to complete the export procedure. (references) |
Travel | Austria | The most common are "Doktor" (a university degree similar to the U.S. doctorate), "Magister" (similar to the U.S. master of arts), and "Diplom Ingenieur" (similar to the U.S. master of science). (references) |
Women | Egypt | Women have employment opportunities in government, medicine, law, academia, the arts, and business. (references) |
South Africa | In 2000 the Department of Trade and Industry began a program to provide incentive grants to promote the development of small and medium businesses and microenterprises for women, and for young persons and persons with disabilities in the areas of manufacturing, tourism, arts and crafts, and imports and exports. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ELECTRICITY, n. The power that causes all natural phenomena not known to be caused by something else. It is the same thing as lightning, and its famous attempt to strike Dr. Franklin is one of the most picturesque incidents in that great and good man's career. The memory of Dr. Franklin is justly held in great reverence, particularly in France, where a waxen effigy of him was recently on exhibition, bearing the following touching account of his life and services to science: "Monsieur Franqulin, inventor of electricity. This illustrious savant, after having made several voyages around the world, died on the Sandwich Islands and was devoured by savages, of whom not a single fragment was ever recovered." Electricity seems destined to play a most important part in the arts and industries. The question of its economical application to some purposes is still unsettled, but experiment has already proved that it will propel a street car better than a gas jet and give more light than a horse. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | How many opportunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions, to practice the arts of seduction, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe the public councils! |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | Our agriculture, fisheries, arts, and manufactures are connected with and depend upon it. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Some have been liberally educated, and all have lived in countries where the arts and sciences are cultivated to a considerable degree, and have had before their eyes samples of the best works from abroad. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | A portion, however, of the Southern tribes, having mingled much with the whites and made some progress in the arts of civilized life, have lately attempted to erect an independent government within the limits of Georgia and Alabama. |
James K. Polk | 1845-1849 | Others are employed in manufactures, commerce, navigation, and the mechanic arts. |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | Therefore the past four years, so far as I could control events, have been consumed in the effort to restore harmony, public credit, commerce, and all the arts of peace and progress. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | To help promote and honor creative achievements, I will propose a National Foundation on the Arts. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | The arts are a precious national resource. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | I am proposing a public-private partnership to advance our arts and humanities, and to celebrate the millennium by saving American's treasures, great and small. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Arts" is generally used as a noun (plural) -- approximately 98.52% of the time. "Arts" is used about 5,348 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (plural) | 98.52% | 5,269 | 1,855 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.46% | 78 | 37,656 |
| Lexical Verb (-s form) | 0.02% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 5,348 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "arts" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Arts | Last name | 200 | 32,459 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Hong Kong | Arts Optical International Holdings Ltd. | Luxembourg | Artemis Fine Arts |
| United Kingdom | Partridge Fine Arts PLC | USA | A.C. Moore Arts & Crafts, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "arts": arts and crafts ♦ arts and letters ♦ arts of design ♦ associate in Arts ♦ Automatic arts ♦ bach of arts ♦ bachelor of arts ♦ bachelor of Arts in Library Science ♦ bachelor of Arts in Nursing ♦ Beaux Arts ♦ Beaux Arts Village ♦ creative arts ♦ Curious arts ♦ doctor of Arts ♦ doctor of Fine Arts ♦ doctor of Musical Arts ♦ Electronic Arts ♦ Electronics Arts ♦ expressive arts ♦ faculty of arts ♦ film and the performing arts ♦ fine arts ♦ fine arts insurance ♦ general arts ♦ Graphic arts ♦ household arts ♦ imitative arts ♦ industrial arts ♦ Language Arts ♦ liberal arts ♦ Martial Arts ♦ master of arts ♦ master of Arts in Library Science ♦ master of Arts in Teaching ♦ master of Fine Arts ♦ performing arts ♦ plastic arts ♦ polite arts ♦ Royal Academy of Arts ♦ student of fine arts ♦ the arts school ♦ The fine arts ♦ the imitative arts ♦ the industrial arts ♦ The liberal arts ♦ the mechanical arts ♦ the useful arts ♦ The useful mechanical or industrial arts ♦ trifle with the arts ♦ visual arts. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "arts": arts-a, arts-and-crafts, arts-based, arts-budget, arts-for-scientists, arts-funded, arts-funding, ARTS-IP, arts-orientated, arts-oriented, arts-related, arts-science, Arts-spectacles. | |
Ending with "arts": Beaux-arts, non-arts. | |
Containing "arts": novelist-television-arts-person. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "arts"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | artet plastike (plastic arts), artet grafike (graphic arts), artet figurative (fine arts). (various references) | |
Arabic | كلية الآداب (faculty of arts), الفنون العسكرية (martial arts), الفنون الجميلة (fine arts), أستاذ فى الفنون (master of arts). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | скулптура (chisel, plastic arts, round, sculpture, statuary, statue), трудово обучение (industrial arts), керамика (ceramics, plastic arts, pottery), пластика (calisthenics, expression, grace, plastic arts), изящни изкуства (fine arts), изобразителни изкуства (graphic arts, graphics), дилетант съм в изкуството (trifle with the arts). (various references) | |
Chinese | 艺术 (art). (various references) | |
Czech | filozofie (philosophy). (various references) | |
Danish | kunst (art), årlig detailhandelsstatistik (annual retail trade survey). (various references) | |
Dutch | kunsten, jaaroverzicht van de detailhandel (annual retail trade survey). (various references) | |
Esperanto | grafiko (graphic arts, graphics). (various references) | |
Finnish | taidealat. (various references) | |
French | arts, système avancé de transport rural, lettres, enquête annuelle sur le commerce de détail. (various references) | |
Frisian | grafyk (graphic arts, graphics). (various references) | |
German | Künste, geisteswissenschaften (humanities, humanity). (various references) | |
Greek | καλές τέχνες (Fine Arts), γραφικές τέχνες (graphic art, graphic arts), πλαστικές τέχνες (plastic arts), ελεύθερες τέχνες (Arts and Humanities), ασφάλιση έργων τέχνης (fine arts insurance). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מדעי הרוח (humanities). (various references) | |
Hungarian | rajzóra (art), bölcsészettudomány (liberal arts), bölcsészet (arts department, faculty of arts, liberal arts). (various references) | |
Indonesian | silat (self-defense arts), beladiri (martial arts, self-defense). (various references) | |
Italian | indagine annuale sulle vendite al dettaglio (annual retail trade survey), educazione artistica (art education). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 芸道 (accomplishments), 技芸 (crafts, handicrafts). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぎげい (art of kabuki, crafts, handicrafts), げいどう (accomplishments). (various references) | |
Korean | 예술 (art, Artistic, Artistical). (various references) | |
Manx | seyr-ellynyn (liberal arts), ny h-ellynyn ooasley (liberal arts), ny h-ellynyn ooasle (the fine arts), ny h-ellynyn (the arts), Mainshter ny Hellynyn (Master of Arts), keirdyn ymmydoil (useful arts), ellynyn as keirdyn (arts and crafts), doo-ellynyn (black arts), doo-chliaghtaghyn (black arts), Coonseil ny h-Ellynyn (Arts Council). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | artsay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | artes. (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | artes. (various references) | |
Romanian | arte plastice (imitative arts), arte frumoase (fine, fine arts), licenţiat în litere şi filozofie (bachelor of arts), facultatea de litere (the arts school), doctor în litere şi filozofie (master of arts), ştiinţele umaniste (liberal arts). (various references) | |
Russian | искусство (art, medievalism, workmanship). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | profesionalan umetnik (m.a., master of arts), lepe umetnost (fine arts), grafika (etching, graphic arts, graphics), bakalavar umetnosti (ba, bachelor of arts). (various references) | |
Spanish | artes (gear), letras (lettering, letters, sciences), encuesta anual de comercio al por menor (annual retail trade survey). (various references) | |
Swedish | konst (art, artifice, craft, skill, trick). (various references) | |
Thai | ศิลปศาสตร์ (liberal arts). (various references) | |
Turkish | kurnazlık (archness, art, artfulness, artifice, astuteness, craftiness, cunning, dodge, finesse, foxiness, guile, shenanigan, shiftiness, slyness, smartness, stratagem, strategy, subtility, subtlety, trick, wheeler-dealing, wheeling and dealing, wiliness, wrinkle), hile (adulteration, artifice, canard, catch, cheat, cheating, chicane, cobweb, collusion, craft, cross, deceit, deception, decoy, device, do, dodge, doubling, dupery, duplicity, fake, false pretences, false pretenses, finesse, flam, flimflam, fraud, gadget, gaff, gambit, gammon, gimmick, gouge, hanky panky, have, have on, hocus pocus, hokey-pokey, hoky-poky, humbug, imposture, jiggery pokery, maneuver, manipulation, manoeuvre, plant, ploy, practice, pretense, rig, rigging, rip off, ruse, sell, sham, sleight of hand, slyness, subterfuge, tortuosity, trick, trickery, wheeling and dealing, wile), edebiyat ve beşeri ilimler, şeytanlık (art, craftiness, cunning, devilment, devilry, diabolism, fiendishness, mischief, prank, slyness, wiliness). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | ремесла, хитрощі (camouflage, circumvention, deceit, fetch, wiles), гуманітарні науки, лукавство (craft, craftiness, duplicity, slyness, wile, wiliness). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tranh luận (disputant, language arts), tập đọc (language arts), như chính tả (language arts), nghệ thuật tạo hình (fine arts), mỹ thuật (fine arts), làm văn (language arts), khoa học xã hội (liberal arts), khoa học nhân văn (liberal arts). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor | ||
