Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Tax |
TaxNoun1. Charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government. Verb1. Levy a tax on. 2. Determine the court costs of; in court actions. 3. Use to the limit; "you are taxing my patience". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "tax" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Economics | A usually pecuniary charge imposed by legislative or other public authority upon persons or property for public purposes. Source: European Union. (references) |
Finance | A payment of money legally demanded by a governmental or public authority to meet public expenditure. Source: European Union. (references) |
Slang | Verb, adjective. Source: From the latin word "taxare" meaning appraise, tax, or censure. Definition: To take, steal or rob. Context: The word would come up in covert conversation in a descriptive context. Social Source: A Homeless Group of Seattle . Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A tax is an involuntary fee - or, more precisely, "unrequited payment" - paid by individuals or businesses to a government (central or local). Taxes may be paid in cash or kind (although payments in kind may not always be classified as taxes in all systems). The means of taxation, and the uses to which the funds raised through taxation should be put, are a matter of hot dispute between political parties and economic theorists, so discussions of taxation are frequently tendentious.
The collection of a tax in order to spend it on a specified purpose, for example collecting a tax on alcohol to pay directly for alcoholism rehabilitation centres, is called hypothecation. The practice is often disliked by finance ministers, since it reduces their freedom of action. Some economic theorists consider the concept to be intellectually dishonest since in reality money is fungible.
Economists, especially neo-classical economists tend to argue that all taxation distorts the market and results in economic inefficiency. They have therefore sought to identify the kind of tax system that would minimise this distortion. A popular theory is that the most economically neutral tax is a tax on land. A government's primary duty is to maintain and defend title to land, and therefore (so the theory goes) it should collect most of its revenues for this unique service. Since governments also resolve commercial disputes, especially in countries with common law, this doctrine is often used to justify a sales tax or VAT (value-added tax).
In law, the terms may have different meanings. In US constitutional
law, for instance, direct taxes refer to poll taxes
and property taxes,
which are based on simple existence or ownership.
Indirect taxes are imposed on rights, privileges, and activities.
Thus, a tax on the sale of property would be considered an indirect tax,
whereas the tax on simply owning the property itself would be a direct tax.
The distinction can be subtle, but it is important under US law, since
the United States Constitution requires that direct taxes be apportioned
according to population. That is, if one state
has twice the population of another state, then the direct tax revenue from
that state must be exactly twice that from the other state.
In 1895, the
US Supreme Court interpreted
the income tax as a direct tax when applied to income from property,
and struck down the tax as a result. The federal government then had
no income tax until the
Sixteenth Amendment
was passed, which removed the apportionment requirement for income taxes.
The crucial invention permitting the reliable collection of high income taxes was direct withholding of taxes from payrolls by employers. This reduces the perceived burden of the tax, because employees never handle the money. Direct withholding also discourages cheating, because it requires the collaboration of employers, and as there are fewer employers than employees, the government's enforcement efforts can be deployed more effectively.
Where income tax is not collected at source, it becomes possible to cheat by lying about one's affairs. Either one fails to declare income, or declares nonexistent expenses. Tax enforcement authorities fight this by looking at individual spending ratios using computer programs. For example, if a person spends too much on cars, their tax affairs might be audited.
Excises (or exemptions from them) are also used to modify consumption patterns. For example, a high alcohol excise is used to discourage alcohol consumption, relative to other goods. This may be combined with hypothecation if the proceeds are then used to pay for the costs of treating illness caused by alcohol abuse. A carbon tax is a tax on the consumption of carbon-based non-renewable fuels, such as petrol, diesel-fuel, jet fuels and natural gas. The object is to reduce the release of carbon into the atmosphere.
See also: death tax, estate tax, Pigovian taxPurposes and effects of taxation
Governments collect taxes:
The resource taken from the public through taxation is always somewhat greater than that received by the government. The difference is called compliance cost, and includes for example the labour cost and other expenses incurrend in complying with tax laws and rules. Tax rates
Taxes are most often levied as a percentage, called the tax rate, of a certain value, the tax base (how much income and assets one has, earns, spends, inherits, etcetera). An "Ad Valorem" tax is one where the tax base is the value of a good, service, or property. Sales taxes, tariffs, property taxes, inheritance taxes, and value added taxes are different types of ad valorem tax. An ad valorem tax is typically imposed at the time of a transaction (sales tax or value added tax (VAT)) but it may be imposed on an annual basis (property tax) or in connection with another significant event (inheritance tax or tariffs). The alternative to ad valorem taxation is a fixed rate tax, where the tax base is the quantity of something, regardless of its price: for example, in the United Kingdom a tax is collected on the sale of alcoholic drinks that is calculated on the quantity of alcohol contained rather than the price of the drink.Progressive and regressive taxation
An important feature of tax systems is whether they are flat (the percentage does not depend on the base, hence the tax is proportional to how much you earn, have, or spend), regressive (the more you have the lower the tax rate), or progressive (the more you have the higher the tax rate). Progressive taxes reduce the tax burden of people with smaller incomes, since they take a smaller percentage of their income. This may be viewed as a good thing in itself, or it may be done for pragmatic reasons, since it requires less record-keeping and complexity by people with simpler affairs. Direct and indirect taxation
Taxes are sometimes referred to as direct or indirect. The meaning
of these terms can vary in different contexts, which can sometimes lead
to confusion. In economics, direct taxes refer to those taxes that
are paid by the people or organizations on whom they are imposed. For
example, income taxes are paid by the person who earns the income.
By contrast, the cost of indirect taxes is borne by someone other than
the person responsible for paying them. For example, taxes on liquor or
gasoline are often included in the price of the items, so even though
the seller sends the payments to the government, the buyer is the real
payer.
Indirect taxes are sometimes described as hidden taxes because the purchaser of goods or services may not be aware that a proportion of the price is going to the government.Types of Taxes
Income tax
Income tax is commonly a progressive tax because the tax rate increases with increasing income. Some critics characterize this tax as a form of punishment for economic productivity. Other critics charge that income taxation is inherently socially intrusive because enforcement requires the government to collect large amounts of information about business and personal affairs, much of which could be considered proprietary. Poll tax
A poll tax, or capitation tax, is a tax that levies
a set amount per individual. The earliest tax mentioned in the Bible of a half-shekel per annum from each adult Jew (Ex. 30:11-16) was a form of poll tax. Poll taxes are regressive, since they take the same
amount of money (and hence, a higher proportion of income)
for poorer individuals
as for richer individuals.
Poll taxes are difficult to cheat. A poll tax may also be called a per capita tax or a capitation.Excises
Definition
An "Excise" is a type of ad valorem tax that is imposed at the time of a purchase or sale transaction (sales tax or value added tax (VAT)) or in connection with importation across a political border (tariffs). The tax base may be the purchase price or the declared value, or some standard estimate of a fair price: for example, the sales tax on used automobile purchases in the United States is determined with reference to a published list of prices. The purchase price may be disregarded.Purposes and effects of excises
Excises on particular commodities are frequently hypothecated. For example, a fuel excise is often used to pay for public transportation, especially roads and bridges and for the protection of the environment. A special form of hypothecation arises where an excise is used to compensate a party to a transaction for uncontrollable abuse: for example, a blank media tax is a tax on recordable media such as CD-Rs, whose proceeds are typically allocated to copyright holders.Sales tax
Sales taxes are a form of excise levied when a commodity is sold to its final consumer. They are generally held to discourage retail sales. The question of whether they are generally progressive or regressive is a subject of much current debate. People with higher incomes spend a lower proportion of them, so a flat-rate sales tax will tend to be regressive. It is therefore common to exempt food, heating and lighting costs from sales taxes, since poor people spend a higher proportion of their incomes on these commodities, so exempting them should make the tax more progressive. It can be argued that sales tax directly discourages improvements in the efficiency of production because it taxes the purchase of factory equipment. The classic way of cheating on sales tax is to ask a merchant for a cash discount. The merchant pockets the cash and writes off the merchandise to shrinkage and the state fails to get the tax.Tariffs
An import or export tariff is a charge for the movement of goods through a political border. Tariffs discourage trade, and they may be used by governments to protect domestic industries. A proportion of tariff revenues is often hypothecated to pay government to maintain a navy or border police, The classic way of cheating a tariff is smuggling.Value-added tax
A value-added tax (also called a goods and services tax) applies the equivalent of a sales tax to every operation that creates value. Economic theorists have argued that this minimises the market distortion resulting from the tax. A VAT was historically used when a sales tax or excise tax was uncollectable. For example, a 30% sales tax is so often cheated that most of the retail economy will go off the books. VAT distributes such a tax in small enough increments that it becomes more trouble to cheat than to pay the tax. However, a VAT punishes production, which is considered a bad effect.Property taxes
A property tax is levied on the value of property owned, usually real estate. This may be done on a recurrent basis, or on a single occasion. The most common type is an inheritance tax, which is imposed in many countries on the estates of the deceased. Some believe that inheritance taxes do not have any harmful effect on the economy and may even be beneficial as they encourage consumer spending by the elderly. However, they are also believed to discourage productivity and to disrupt the continuity of family-owned businesses. Another common type of property tax is an annual charge on the ownership of real estate, where the tax base is the supposed value of the property.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tax."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
TAX | English | What is the charge?/the charge is | Computing, Post & Telecom |
| TAN | English | Tax Anticipation Note | Finance |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: TaxSynonyms: revenue enhancement (n), assess (v), task (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Accounts | Bring to book, tax, surcharge and falsify. |
Accusation | Verb: accuse, charge, tax, impute, twit, taunt with, reproach. |
Command | Bid, enjoin, charge, call upon, instruct; require at the hands of; exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on; (compel). |
Compulsion | Extort, wring from; squeeze, put on the squeeze; put on the screws, turn on the screw; drag into; bind, bind over; pin down, tie down; require, tax, put in force; commandeer; restrain. |
Discount | Verb: discount, bate; abate, rebate; reduce, price down, mark down take off, allow, give, make allowance; tax. |
Exertion | Verb: exert oneself; exert one's energies, tax one's energies; use exertion. |
Fatigue | Tax, task, strain; overtask, overwork, overburden, overtax, overstrain. |
Inquiry | Bring in question, bring into question, subject to examination; put to the proof; (experiment); audit, tax, pass in review; take into consideration; (think over); take counsel. |
Memory | Task the memory, tax the memory. |
Price | Dues, duty, toll, tax, impost, cess, sess, tallage, levy; abkari; capitation tax, poll tax; doomage, likin; gabel, gabelle; gavel, octroi, custom, excise, assessment, benevolence, tithe, tenths, exactment, ransom, salvage, tariff; brokerage, wharfage, freightage. |
Request | Beg hard, entreat, beseech, plead, supplicate, implore; conjure, adjure; obtest; cry to, kneel to, appeal to; invoke, evoke; impetrate, imprecate, ply, press, urge, beset, importune, dun, tax, clamor for; cry aloud, cry for help; fall on one's knees; throw oneself at the feet of; come down on one's marrowbones. |
Use | Use up, swallow up; consume, absorb, expend; tax, task, wear, put to task. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Well, he's a tax attorney. (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) Don't be melodramatic. Tell me. Would you really feel any pity if one of those dots stopped moving forever? If I offered you twenty thousand pounds for every dot that stopped, would you really, old man, tell me to keep my money? Or would you calculate how many dots you could afford to spare? Free of income tax, old man. Free of income tax - the only way you can save money nowadays. (The Third Man; writing credit: Graham Greene; Alexander Korda) These guys are about as fun as a tax audit. (The Abyss; writing credit: James Cameron.) Show me the money in which the tax is paid. (Godspell; writing credit: David Greene; John-Michael Tebelak) What you should have done was land your plane! you don't own that plane, the tax payers do! Son, your ego is writing checks your body can't cash. (Top Gun; writing credit: Ehud Yonay; Jim Cash) | |
Lyrics | Owes a million dollars tax. ("19TH NERVOUS BREAKDOWN"; performing artist: The Rolling Stones) | |
Clever | Temporary tax increase (references; author: unknown) Maryland: If You Can Dream It, We Can Tax It (references; author: unknown) The lottery is a tax on people who are bad at math. (references; author: unknown) Missouri: Your Federal Flood Relief Tax Dollars At Work (references; author: unknown) A fine is a tax for doing wrong. A tax is a fine for doing well. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Pink-Come Tax (1968) Tax Is Not a Four-letter Word (1967) Income Tax Sappy (1954) The Case Against the 20% Federal Admissions Tax on Motion Picture Theatres (1953) Dog Tax Dodgers (1948) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Alexis De Tocqueville | In other words, a democratic government is the only one in which those who vote for a tax can escape the obligation to pay it. |
Benjamin Franklin | Idleness and pride tax with a heavier hand than kings and governments. |
Edmund Burke | To please universally was the object of his life; but to tax and to please, no more than to love and to be wise, is not given to men. |
Emo Philips | The IRS sent back my tax return saying I owed $800. I said "If you'll notice, I sent a paper clip with my return. Given what you've been paying for things lately, that should more than make up the difference." |
John Ray | Diseases are the tax on pleasures. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Every advantage has its tax. |
| Envy is the tax which all distinction must pay. | |
Sebastien-Roch Nicolas De Chamfort | Change of fashion is the tax levied by the industry of the poor on the vanity of the rich. |
Swift | Censure is the tax a man pays to the public for being eminent. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-2021 | The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | It is declared that "no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state." (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | No export tax shall be imposed upon metallurgical products or coal exported from the said territory to Germany, nor upon the German exports for the use of the industries of the territory of the Saar Basin. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The licence, the excise, the doors and windows, the tax on everything! |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | It can make you shoot at tax collectors, and miss. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Domestic banks pay no income tax. (references) | |
Business tax rates also remain high. (references) | ||
Guaranteed tax stability for 15 years. (references) | ||
Children | Panama | Placement remains difficult despite a 1993 executive order granting tax incentives to firms that hire disabled employees. (references) |
Germany | Persons with severe disabilities may be granted special benefits, such as tax relief, free public transport, special parking facilities, and exemption from radio and television fees. (references) | |
Malaysia | Provisions for persons with disabilities in the 2001 budget include several allowances for tax relief for working spouses of persons with disabilities, full exemption for all medical fees at government hospitals, and full exemption on fees for travel documents. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Gabon | No financial or tax benefit is conferred by registration. (references) |
Liberia | All reopened by year's end after paying their tax arrears. (references) | |
Georgia | The tax code grants tax exemptions only for the Orthodox Church. (references) | |
Economic History | Croatia | This tax did not exist before. (references) |
Eritrea | Bribes are not tax deductible. (references) | |
Norway | No tax allowances are provided. (references) | |
Human Rights | Turkmenistan | In March local KNB officials and tax police repeatedly harassed two NGO's in Turkmenbashy. (references) |
Colombia | Letters demanding payment of a war tax and a threat to mark victims as a military target if they failed to pay were typical. (references) | |
Pakistan | The HRCP also accused Government officials of launching tax investigations against HCRP employees who had been critical of Government policies. (references) | |
Minorities | Bhutan | In many cases, persons were unable to produce the documentation necessary, such as land tax receipts from 1958, to show residency. (references) |
Political Economy | HAITI | Haiti's tax collection system is inefficient. (references) |
HUNGARY | Corporate income tax remains low at 18 percent. (references) | |
Political Rights | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croat businesspersons reported that HDZ supporters demanded that they pay a special tax to fund the self-government effort and threatened "accidents" if they did not. (references) |
Ukraine | The Government allegedly used official agencies, especially the State Tax Administration, to disrupt or eliminate the businesses of political opponents prior to the elections. (references) | |
Trade | Moldova | Certain excise tax exemptions exist. (references) |
Travel | Vietnam | A value-added tax (VAT) is charged on most items. (references) |
Tanzania | Airport departure tax is now US$ 30 instead of US $ 20. (references) | |
Barbados | Barbados collects a departure tax of BDS$25.00 (US$13.00). (references) | |
Women | Malaysia | In matters of income tax, government pension benefits, and transmission of citizenship, women are disadvantaged. (references) |
Indonesia | Women often are not provided the extra benefits and salary that men are given when they are the heads of households, and in many cases do not receive employment benefits for their family members, such as medical insurance and income tax deductions. (references) | |
Liechtenstein | In accordance with a 1992 constitutional amendment mandating equality for women, Parliament amended a significant number of laws to provide for equality of treatment, including the citizenship law, the employment law, the law on labor conditions, the tax law, and the divorce law. (references) | |
Worker Rights | United Kingdom | No family earning less than $380 (255 pounds) per week is obligated to pay income tax. (references) |
Micronesia | The minimum wage is enforced through the tax system, and this mechanism is believed to be effective. (references) | |
Belarus | FTUB accounts were frozen again in September 2000 by tax authorities conducting an unspecified investigation. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HEAD-:MONEY:, n. A capitation tax, or poll-tax. In ancient times there lived a king Whose tax-collectors could not wring From all his subjects gold enough To make the royal way less rough. For pleasure's highway, like the dames Whose premises adjoin it, claims Perpetual repairing. So The tax-collectors in a row Appeared before the throne to pray Their master to devise some way To swell the revenue. "So great," Said they, "are the demands of state A tithe of all that we collect Will scarcely meet them. Pray reflect: How, if one-tenth we must resign, Can we exist on t'other nine?" The monarch asked them in reply: "Has it occurred to you to try The advantage of economy?" "It has," the spokesman said: "we sold All of our gray garrotes of gold; With plated-ware we now compress The necks of those whom we assess. Plain iron forceps we employ To mitigate the miser's joy Who hoards, with greed that never tires, That which your Majesty requires." Deep lines of thought were seen to plow Their way across the royal brow. "Your state is desperate, no question; Pray favor me with a suggestion." "O King of Men," the spokesman said, "If you'll impose upon each head A tax, the augmented revenue We'll cheerfully divide with you." As flashes of the sun illume The parted storm-cloud's sullen gloom, The king smiled grimly. "I decree That it be so -- and, not to be In generosity outdone, Declare you, each and every one, Exempted from the operation Of this new law of capitation. But lest the people censure me Because they're bound and you are free, 'Twere well some clever scheme were laid By you this poll-tax to evade. I'll leave you now while you confer With my most trusted minister." The monarch from the throne-room walked And straightway in among them stalked A silent man, with brow concealed, Bare-armed -- his gleaming axe revealed! G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Mr. Chairman, we're going to have to take a break now, but we will be back in just a minute to talk to Bill Thomas about Social Security and unemployment compensation, and possible tax reform. |
Jesse Ventura | Taxes were never raised on my watch. In four years, there was never a tax raise, they were all lowered. |
Representative John Kasich | Well, I don't know, Bob. But as I told a Bush adviser yesterday, if the Republican Party is not capable of selling tax cuts, then we've got to take another look at the Republican Party. We can do it. |
Robert Novak | There's been a lot of proposals made on the possible tax proposals to be made by the president, and let me just quickly give you some of them, some of them coming from your administration. |
Rush Limbaugh | Open up your tax returns. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Nothing could be gained by it even if each individual who contributed a portion of the tax could receive back promptly the same portion. |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | Not only those who are now making their tax returns, but those who meet the enhanced cost of existence in their monthly bills, know by hard experience what this great burden is and what it does. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | There are many areas and some whole States where good schools cannot be provided without imposing an undue local tax burden on the citizens. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | That tax bill has been thoroughly discussed for a year. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Under this tax cut plan, they would pay nothing. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Only with the long overdue reforms will the full tax cut be advisable. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | One thing that tax reform will not be is a tax increase in disguise. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | You must cut the capital gains tax on the people of this country. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Our plan also includes a new tax credit for stay-at-home parents. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Good jobs depend on sound tax policy. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Tax" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.04% of the time. "Tax" is used about 15,678 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 97.04% | 15,214 | 610 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 2.71% | 426 | 13,430 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.21% | 33 | 60,273 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.03% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 15,678 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "tax": ability tax ♦ accumulated earnings tax ♦ accumulated profits tax ♦ ad valorem tax ♦ additional percentage tax ♦ additional tax assessment ♦ advance corporation tax ♦ after tax ♦ alternative minimum tax ♦ amount of tax ♦ amusement tax ♦ apportioned tax ♦ appropriated tax ♦ assessed tax ♦ back tax ♦ be liable for tax ♦ before tax ♦ betterment tax ♦ business profit tax ♦ business tax ♦ capital gains tax ♦ capital tax ♦ capital transfer tax ♦ capital yields tax ♦ capitation tax ♦ car tax ♦ church tax ♦ clear of tax ♦ complementary tax ♦ corporate income tax ♦ corporate tax ♦ corporation tax ♦ Corporation Tax Law ♦ Corporation Tax Statutes ♦ Crown tax ♦ current tax on wealth ♦ death tax ♦ declaration of estimated tax ♦ decreasing tax ♦ defence tax ♦ delinquent tax ♦ departure tax ♦ Direct tax ♦ discriminatory tax ♦ distributive tax ♦ drop in tax revenues ♦ duty or tax or fee account code ♦ duty or tax or fee category code ♦ ecology tax ♦ employee tax ♦ energy tax ♦ entertainment tax ♦ envy tax ♦ estate tax ♦ estimated tax ♦ estimated tax return ♦ evade paying tax ♦ evasion of tax ♦ excess profits tax ♦ excise tax ♦ exempt from tax ♦ export tax ♦ federal income tax ♦ federal tax lien ♦ federal withholding tax ♦ file an income tax return ♦ fix a tax on smth. ♦ foreign tax ♦ franchise tax ♦ free of income tax ♦ free of tax ♦ gasoline tax ♦ general income tax ♦ general payroll tax ♦ gift tax ♦ global income tax ♦ global tax ♦ graded tax ♦ graduated income tax ♦ graduated tax ♦ green tax ♦ head tax ♦ heavy tax ♦ hidden tax ♦ idle land tax ♦ immovable property transfer tax ♦ income before tax ♦ income tax ♦ income tax bracket ♦ income tax on wages ♦ income tax refund ♦ income tax return ♦ increment tax ♦ indirect tax ♦ inheritance tax ♦ investment tax ♦ land tax ♦ legacy tax ♦ levy tax ♦ liable to tax ♦ license tax. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "tax": tax-accounting, tax-and-grants, tax-and-spend, tax-approved, tax-assessed, tax-assessments, tax-averse, tax-avoidance, tax-avoiders, tax-avoiding, tax-back, tax-base, tax-based, tax-benefit, tax-boundary, tax-breaks, tax-collecting, tax-collection, tax-collector, tax-collectors, tax-concessions, tax-conscious, tax-credit, tax-cum-monetary, tax-cut-financed, tax-cuts, tax-cutters, tax-cutting, tax-deductable, tax-deducted, tax-deductibility, tax-deductible, tax-deferring, tax-diversion, tax-dodge, tax-dodger, tax-dodgers, tax-dodges, tax-dodging, tax-driven, tax-effective, tax-effectively, tax-efficient, tax-evaders, tax-evading, tax-evasion, tax-exempt, tax-exempt tax-free, tax-exemption, tax-farmer, tax-favoured, tax-finance, tax-financed, tax-financing, tax-forms, tax-free, tax-friendlier, tax-funded, tax-gatherer, tax-gatherers, tax-gathering, tax-government, tax-grabs, tax-granting, tax-haven, tax-havens, tax-heavy, tax-inclusive, tax-increase, tax-increasing, tax-induced, tax-inspector, tax-man, tax-minimising, tax-mix, tax-neutral, tax-paid, tax-payer, tax-payers, tax-paying, tax-paying ability, tax-penalised, tax-plan, tax-planning, tax-protest, tax-protesters, tax-raisers, tax-raising, tax-rates, tax-reforming, tax-refusal, tax-related, tax-relief, tax-relief-induced, tax-reliefs, tax-relieving, tax-resistance, tax-resisters, tax-revenue, tax-saver, tax-saving, tax-shield, tax-sparing, tax-spending, tax-status, tax-subsidized, tax-supported, tax-take, tax-to-date, tax-transfer, tax-tree, tax-weary, tax-wise, tax-writing, tax-xxxx, tax-year. | |
Ending with "tax": after-tax, anti-tax, high-tax, income-tax, low-tax, net-of-tax, non-tax, no-tax, peace-tax, poll-tax, post-tax, pre-tax, war-tax, welfare-tax. | |
Containing "tax": higher-tax-paying, non-tax-payers, poll-tax-capping, poll-tax-payers, pre-tax-profits, rate-or-tax-payers. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
tax | 7,259 |
tax cut | 5,634 |
tax form | 2,549 |
tax refund | 2,331 |
income tax | 2,247 |
turbo tax | 2,018 |
federal income tax | 1,492 |
tax rebate | 1,445 |
tax credit | 1,403 |
tax return | 1,374 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "tax"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaan | belasting, belas (burden, load). (various references) | |
Albanian | tatoj, tatim (cess, charge, duty, geld, imposition, impost, rating, ratio, taxability), taksoj (assess, fix a tax on smth., set a tax on smth.), taksë (cess, contribution, dues, duty, imposition, impost, infliction, scot, tariff, toll), xhelep, vergji (duty, impost), vë taksë, barrë (burden, cart load, encumbrance, fardel, haul, jag, load, onus, pannier, pregnancy). (various references) | |
Arabic | فرض ضريبة (excise, levy), حدد المقدار, عبء ثقيل (imposition, millstone, surcharge), ضريبة (contribution, excise, imposition, levy, rate, scot, taxation, tribute, vat), إتهم (accuse, arraign, bang, charge, complain, delate, denounce, take to task), أرهق (beat, break, exhaust, fatigue, gruel, harass, labor, labour, lie, load, overload, overstrain, pump, run down, saddle, soak, squeeze, try, tucker, weary, weigh, weigh down, weight), رسم دفع (excise, levy, rate). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | търся сметка от, товар (bulk, burden, burthen, charge, encumbrance, fardel, freight, freightage, goods, imposition, lading, load, loading, tie, tote, weight), таксувам, голямо усилие (strain), голямо напрежение, облагам с данък (rate), налог (aid, imposition, impost, rate, scot, tribute), бреме (burden, burthen, charge, deadweight, drag, drain, encumbrance, exaction, fardel, freight, incubus, load, onus, tie, weight), подлагам на изпитание (challenge, put on trial, put to the proof, test), искам (ask, call for, choose, demand, desire, like, list, please, postulate, request, require, seek, want, will, wilt, wish, would), изпитание (hardship, ordeal, probation, proof, test, trial, tribulation, visitation), изисквам много от, данък (aid, cess, duty, imposition, impost, lot, scot, tribute). (various references) | |
Chinese | 税 (Taxes), 捐 (to abandon, to contribute, to donate). (various references) | |
Czech | zdanit (assess, rate), vyèítat (begrudge, cast up, reproach, taunt), poplatek (anchorage, charge, imposition, toll), odhadnout (appraise, assess, calculate, estimate, Gage, gauge, make, measure, survey), obvinit (accuse, condemn, delate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate, indict, lay up blame), namáhat (strain, try), daò (impost, levy, rate, scat, tribute), dávka (batch, burst, dosage, dose, measure, potion, ration), clo (customs, duty, levy, tariff). (various references) | |
Danish | skat (treasure). (various references) | |
Dutch | belasting (charge, demand, electric load, load, loading, non-reactive, strain, stress), belasten (burden, load, loading, to charge, to encumber), aanslaan (alarm, bark, beat-up, dim, excite, get blurred, give tongue, growing up, hanging, raise the alarm, rebound, root, salute, sound the alarm, starting, strike, stroke of the slay, take, to root, to take root, to take roots). (various references) | |
Esperanto | imposto, imposti. (various references) | |
Faeroese | skattur, avgjald. (various references) | |
Farsi | فشاراوردن بر, ملامت (Rebuke, Reproof, Snuff), متهم کردن (Accuse, Challenge, Delate, Impute, Indict, Upbraid), مالیات گرفتن از, مالیات بستن , مالیات (Imposition, Levy, Scat, Scot, Taxation), تهمت (Abusive, Defamation, Libel, Scandal, Slur), تقاضای سنگین , تحمیل (Imposition, Incurrence, Levy, Protrusion), سخت گیری (Severity, Stricture), خراج (Gavel, Levy, Spendthrift, Tribute), باج (Gavel, Imposition, Scot, Toll, Tribute). (various references) | |
Finnish | vero (duty, rate, tribute). (various references) | |
French | impôt, taxe (indirect tax), redevance, imposer. (various references) | |
Frisian | belesting, belêste. (various references) | |
German | Steuer (control column, controls, duty, handlebars, helm, imposition, joystick, levy, rudder, steering wheel, steering-wheel, tiller, wheel), Abgabe (contribution, delivery, depositing, dispensary, dispensing, divestiture, duty, emission, handing in, submission, transfer, tribute), gebühr (charge, commission, dues, duty, fee, obligation, percentage royalties, postage, pro rata royalties, proportional royalties, royalties, toll), besteuern (offer, taxes, to establish a tax on something, to tax). (various references) | |
Greek | φορολογώ (raise tax, toll). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מעמס" (burden, encumbrance, weight), מס (duty, fee, impost, levy, scot, tribute), לתבוע מחיר, ל"אשים (accuse, blame, charge, impute, take to task), ל"טיל מס (levy), ל"רוש מאמץ, ל'בות מס (scot), א'ר" (fee, scot, toll), "טל (excise, fee, impost, levy, projection). (various references) | |
Hungarian | adózás (graduated taxation, taxation), adó (cess, contribution, dues, duty, impost, transmitter, transmitting, tribute). (various references) | |
Icelandic | skattur. (various references) | |
Indonesian | pajak (excis, levy, taxation), cukai (duty, excise duty, tariff, toll), belasting (duty). (various references) | |
Italian | tassa (assessment, charge, due, duty, fee, helm, rate, rudder, toll), tassare (assess, burden, levy, rate), imposta (abutment, assessment, duty, edition, excise, imposition, impost, levy, shutter, springing), contribuzione (contribution, contribution application, national insurance contribution, social security contribution), contributo (apportionment, assessment, contribution, grant, rate, share). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 税金 (duty), タス通信 (assault, cigarettes, tack, tag out, tag up, tap, tap dance, TASS News Agency, tax haven, tobacco, touch, touch up, touchscreen). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぜいき" (duty, working away from the office), タックス . (various references) | |
Korean | 세 (Taxes). (various references) | |
Malay | pajak. (various references) | |
Manx | troggal keesh er, tack (interest payer, tribute), keesh (duty, toll, tribute; Scot), cur keesh er (assess). (various references) | |
Norwegian | skatt (imposition, levy). (various references) | |
Papiamen | belasting. (various references) | |
| &nb |
