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Definition: Shark |
SharkNoun1. Any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales. 2. A person who is ruthless and greedy and dishonest. 3. A person who is unusually skilled in certain ways; "a card shark". Verb1. Play the shark; act with trickery. 2. Hunt shark. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "shark" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of sharks, denotes formidable enemies. To see a shark pursuing and attacking you, denotes that unavoidable reverses will sink you into dispondent foreboding. To see them sporting in clear water, foretells that while you are basking in the sunshine of women and prosperity, jealousy is secretly, but surely, working you disquiet, and unhappy fortune. To see a dead one, denotes reconciliation and renewed prosperity. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Literature | Shark A swindler, a pilferer; one who snaps up things like a shark, which eats almost anything, and seems to care little whether its food is alive or dead, fish, flesh, or human bodies. "These thieves doe rob us with our owne good will, And have Dame Nature's warrant for it still; Sometimes these sharks doe worke each other's wrack, The ravening belly often robs the backe." Taylor's Workes, ii. 117. The shark flies the feather. This is a sailor's proverb founded on observation. Though a shark is so voracious that it will swallow without distinction everything that drops from a ship into the sea, such as cordage, cloth, pitch, wood, and even knives, yet it will never touch a pilot-fish (q.v.) or a fowl, either alive or dead. It avoids sea-gulls, sea-mews, petrels, and every feathered thing. (St. Pierre: Studies, i.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Slang in 1811 | SHARK. A sharper: perhaps from his preying upon any one he can lay hold of. Also a custom-house officer, or tide-waiter. Sharks; the first order of pickpockets. BOW-STREET TERM, A.D. 1785. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Sharks can be characterized as large, marine predators with a cartilaginous skeleton, multiple (usually five) gill slits along the sides or bottom of the head, dermal denticles covering the body, and rows of replaceable teeth in the mouth. There are exceptions to the "large", "marine" and "predatory" portions of the characterization. Sharks include everything from a hand sized deep sea species, to the whale shark, the largest fish which is believed to grow to a maximum length of 18m (59 feet) and which, like the great whales, feeds only on plankton. The bull shark can move up into freshwater lakes and a few shark attacks have occurred in rivers. A few of the larger species, the Mako and White shark, are mildly homeothermic, able to maintain their body temperature at a level above the ocean's temperature.
Large white shark; source : [1] Until the late 16th century sharks were usually referred to in the English language as sea-dogs. The name "Shark" first came into use around the late 1560s to refer to the large sharks of the Caribbean Sea, and later to all sharks in general. The name may derive from the Maya language word for shark, xoc, pronounced "shock" or "shawk".
Classification
Sharks are a member of Class Chondrichthyes which includes the rays, skates, and Chimaeras. There are 368 recognized species of sharks.
The first sharks appeared in the oceans 400 to 350 million years ago. There are eight orders of sharks, listed below in roughly their evolutionary relationship from more primitive to more modern species:
The Lamniformes contains the extinct Megalodon (Carcharodon megalodon), which like all extinct sharks is only known from its teeth (the only bone found in these cartilaginous fishes, and therefore the only fossils produced). A reproduction of the jaw was based on some of the largest teeth (up to almost 7 inches in length) and suggested a fish that could grow 120 feet long. The jaw was realized to be inaccurate, and estimates revised downwards to around 50 feet.
- Hexanchiformes: Examples from this group include the cow sharks, frilled shark and even a shark that looks on first inspection to be a marine snake.
- Squaliformes: Examples from this group include the bramble sharks, dogfishes and roughsharks.
- Pristiophoriformes: These are the sawsharks, with an elongate, toothed snout that they use for slashing the fishes that they then eat.
- Squatiniformes: Angel sharks.
- Heterodontiformes: They are commonly referred to as the bullhead, or horn sharks.
- Orectolobiformes: They are commonly referred to as the carpet sharks, including zebra sharks, nurse sharks, wobbegongs and the largest of all fishes, the whale shark.
- Carcharhiniformes: They are commonly referred to as the groundsharks, and some of the species include the blue, tiger, bull, reef and oceanic whitetip sharks (collectively called the requiem sharks) along with the houndsharks, catsharks and hammerhead sharks. They are distinguished by an elongated snout and a nictitating membrane which protects the eyes during an attack.
- Lamniformes: They are commonly referred to as the mackerel sharks. They include the goblin shark, basking shark, megamouth, the threshers, mako shark and great white shark. They are distinguished by their large jaws and ovoviviparous reproduction.
Reproduction
Sharks can be easily sexed. The males all have their pelvic fins modified into a pair of claspers. The name is somewhat misleading as they are not used to hold on to the female, but are the shark's version of the mammalian penis. (As a side note, Class Chondrichthyes has the distinction of having the animal with the largest intromittent organ - an organ used for transmitting sperm - in relation to body length. This animal is the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) which has claspers of 6" in size on a fish that reaches 3 feet in length.)
Mating has rarely been observed in sharks. The smaller catsharks often mate with the male curling around the female. In the less flexible species the two sharks swim parallel to each other while the male inserts the clasper into the female's oviduct. Many females in the larger species have bite marks that appear to be a result of a male grasping her to maintain position.
Sharks have a much different reproductive strategy than most fishes. Instead of producing huge numbers of eggs and larvae (99.9% of which never reach sexual maturity in fishes that use this strategy) sharks normally produce around a dozen pups, some species up to 70-80 and some as few as 2-3. These pups are either protected by egg cases or born live. No known sharks provide parental protection for their young, but females have a hormone that is released into their blood during the pupping season that apparently keeps them from feeding.
There are three ways in which shark pups are born:
- Oviparity - Some sharks lay eggs. In most of these species, the developing embryo is protected by an egg case with the consistency of leather. Some of these cases are corkscrewed into crevices for protection. Oviparous sharks include the horn shark and the swell shark.
- Viviparity - These sharks actually maintain a placental link to the developing young, more analogous to mammals than other fishes. The young are born alive and fully functional. Hammerheads, the requiem sharks (like the bull and tiger sharks), the basking shark and the smooth dogfishes fall into this category. The blue shark produces the most young of sharks that have had the number of pups recorded, the maximum reported being 82.
- Ovoviviparity - Most sharks utilize this method. The young are nourished by the yolk of their egg and by fluids secreted by glands in the walls of the oviduct. The eggs hatch within the oviduct, and the young continue to be nourished by the remnants of the yolk and the oviduct's fluids. As in viviparity, the young are born alive and fully functional. Sometimes they are functional even before being born, as some species practice oophagy, where the first to hatch eat the remaining eggs in the oviduct. Sand tigers, makos, threshers, porbeagles and possibly great whites have oophagous young. The survival strategy for the species that do this is that the young are able to grow to an even larger size before being born. The whale shark is now considered to be in this category after having been classified as oviparous for a long time. Whale shark eggs found are now thought to have been aborted.
Shark attacks
Almost any kind of shark can be dangerous. There are, on average, 100 shark attacks per year, with 30 of them being fatal. Many attacks are the result of the following factors:
While the great white is the shark that most people immediately think of when shark attacks are mentioned, the bull shark may be responsible for the most attacks on humans. Part of the reason is that they often move up rivers for short distances. One of the most famous shark attack cases occurred in New Jersey along the coast and upriver. From July 1st to July 6th, 1916, five people were attacked by sharks, four of them fatally. The climax came on the 6th when an 11 year old boy named Lester Stillwell was attacked and pulled under. A 24 year old man named Stanley Fisher was one of those who dove into the water to try to rescue Lester. Fisher was bitten on the thigh and died in the hospital. A mere 400 yards away, a group of boys were told of the attacks and were in the process of climbing out of the water. Twelve year old Joseph Dunn was bitten on the leg but recovered fully. A 7 1/2 foot great white was captured in the ensuing shark hunt and the stomach contained flesh and bones which were reported to be human, but a positive identification of this was never made. The attacks did stop after this, but many ichthyologists believe the shark that made the attacks was a bull shark.
- Harassment by humans - Cases have occurred when individuals, teenagers in particular, sometimes show off to their peers by grabbing the tails of slow moving, generally placid nurse sharks. Usually the sharks will simply move away from the annoyance, but there have been cases of them turning and attacking the perpetrator.
- Mistaken identity - The shark that can cause the most damage in an attack is the great white. While it has attacked swimmers, this usually occurs in murky waters. Most often, the attacks are made on bodysurfers. From below, the silhouette of a surfer on a board looks very much like the shark's preferred prey - a seal.
In addition to the great white shark and bull shark, the only other sharks proven to have killed humans are the oceanic white tipped shark and the tiger shark, implicated in attacks most often in the tropical Pacific, including Hawaii.
There are about 10 other species that have attacked humans and bitten them but not been proven to have killed, this includes the maco, silky shark, great hammerhead shark, grey reef shark and a few more, this list does not inclue the e.g. nurse shark that often bites humans after beeing disturbed, it would never attack on its own.
It is often said that sharks do not like the taste of humans. This belief has come about because in most cases, once a shark has made its first strike it then leaves the victim alone. There is another possibility, at least in the case of sharks that normally prey on seals and sea lions. The most vulnerable portion of a shark that an attacked animal can reach is the eye. While a nictitating membrane can slide over the eye to protect it, the eye is still vulnerable to the sharp claws of the usual prey. Therefore, the shark attacks and waits for the prey to weaken from loss of blood before coming back to finish off the victim. Even with the above hypothesis, humans are obviously not the preferred prey of sharks, given the evidence.
Shark senses
Sharks have two senses that many animals do not have:
- Ampullae of Lorenzini - These small pits in the head detect electricity. The shark has the greatest electricity sensitivity known in all animals. This sense is used to find prey hidden in sand in bottom feeding sharks, by detecting the nerve impulses. It is this sense that sometimes confuses a shark into attacking a boat, when the metal interacts with the salt water.
- Lateral line - This system is found in most fishes, including sharks. It is used to detect motion or 'sound' in the water. The shark uses this to detect other organisms moving, especially wounded fish. The shark can 'hear' frequencies in the range of 25 to 50 Hz using this sense.
Shark fishery
Sharks are fished commercially and recreationally. Some are fished simply for the sport of landing a good fighting fish (mako sharks for instance), others for food (blacktip, mako and others), and some species for other products. In the past, sharkskin (covered in effect with tiny teeth - dermal denticles) was used for the purposes that sandpaper currently is. Sharks generally reach sexual maturity slowly and produce very few offspring in comparison to other fishes that are harvested. This has caused concern among biologists regarding the increase in effort applied to catching sharks over time, and many species are considered to be threatened.
Sharks in mythology
Sharks figure prominently in the Hawaiian mythology. There are stories of shark men who have shark jaws on their back. They could change form between shark and human at any time desired, and for any length. A common theme in the stories was that the shark men would warn beach goers that sharks were in the waters. The beach goers would laugh and ignore the warnings and go swimming, subsequently being eaten by the same shark man who warned them not to enter the water.
Hawaiian mythology also contained many shark gods. They believed that sharks were guardians of the sea, and called them Aumakua. A listing of them follows:
In other Pacific Ocean cultures, Dakuwanga was a shark god who was the eater of lost souls.
- Kamohoali'i - The most well known and revered of the shark gods, he was the older and favored brother of Pele, and helped and journeyed with her to Hawaii. He was able to take on all human and fish forms. A summit cliff on the crater of Kilauea is considered to be one of his most sacred spots. At one point he had a he'iau (temple or shrine) dedicated to him on every piece of land that jutted into the ocean on the island of Moloka'i.
- Ka'ahupahau - This goddess was born human, with her defining characteristic being her red hair. She was later transformed into shark form and was believed to protect the people who lived on O'ahu from sharks. She was also believed to live near Pearl Harbor.
- Kaholia Kane - This was the shark god of the ali'i Kalaniopu'u and he was believed to live in a cave at Puhi, Kaua'i.
- Kane'apua - Most commonly, he was the brother of Pele and Kamohoali'i. He was a trickster god who performed many heroic feats, including the calming of two legendary colliding hills that destroyed canoes trying to pass between.
- Kawelomahamahai'a - Another human, he was transformed into a shark.
- Keali'ikau 'o Ka'u - He was the cousin of Pele and son of Kua. He was called the protector of the Ka'u people. He had an affair with a human girl, who gave birth to a helpful green shark.
- Kua - This was the main shark god of the people of Ka'u, and believed to be their ancestor.
- Kuhaimoana - He was the brother of Pele and lived in the Ka'ula islet. He was said to be 30 fathoms long and was the husband of Ka'ahupahau.
- Kauhuhu - He was a fierce king shark that lived in a cave in Kipahulu on the island of Maui. He sometimes moved to another cave on the windward side of island of Moloka'i.
- Kane-i-kokala - A kind shark god that saved shipwrecked people by taking them to shore. The people who worshipped him feared to eat, touch or cross the smoke of the kokala, his sacred fish.
In ancient Greece, shark flesh was forbidden to be eaten at women's festivals.
In Greek mythology, Cerberus saved Delia from the stomach of a shark, fell in love with her and became her protector.
External link
- Sharks, shark pictures, interesting facts, information, trivia
- The Great white shark, information, trivia, facts, shark pictures
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Shark."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Lending | Lender, pawnbroker, money lender; usurer, loan shark. |
Thief | Spoiler, depredator, pillager, marauder; harpy, shark, land shark, falcon, mosstrooper, bushranger, Bedouin, brigand, freebooter, bandit, thug, dacoit; pirate, corsair, viking, Paul Jones, buccaneer, buccanier; piqueerer, pickeerer; rover, ranger, privateer, filibuster; rapparee, wrecker, picaroon; smuggler, poacher; abductor, badger, bunko man, cattle thief, chor, contrabandist, crook, hawk, holdup man, hold-up, jackleg, kidnaper, rustler, cattle rustler, sandbagger, sea king, skin, sneak thief, spieler, strong-arm man. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | They threw me in the shark tank (Analyze This; writing credit: Kenneth Lonergan; Peter Tolan) shark bite (Rat Race; writing credit: Andy Breckman) Hand me now, the shark repellant Batspray (Batman; writing credit: Bob Kane; Lorenzo Semple Jr.) I think we've got another shark problem (Jaws 2; writing credit: Carl Gottlieb; Howard Sackler) It's like giving a shark a submachine gun. (Malcolm in the Middle; writing credit: Daniel Frenette) | |
Lyrics | Oh, I put on my shark skin jacket (Keeping The Faith; performing artist: Billy Joel) Oh, the shark, babe, has such teeth, dear (Mack The Knife; performing artist: Bobby Darin) Ya know when that shark bites with his teeth, babe (Mack The Knife; performing artist: Bobby Darin) Caught me down like a killer shark (INFATUATION; performing artist: Rod Stewart) | |
Clever | A shark is the only fish that can blink with both eyes. (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | No shark shares swordfish steak. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Shark Zone (2003) Killer Shark (1974) Shark! (1969) Tiko and the Shark (1966) Shark (1964) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Hammerhead shark passing bow of ALBATROSS IV while ship underway Apparently a hammerhead migration as ship saw hundreds of hammerheads swimming to northeast during the day. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | The O'Clock family cavorting with the dolphins at Monkey Mia near Shark Bay. These dolphin are wild and associate with humans with no training or coercion (except food.). Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | A shark fishing boat at Crosby's Fish & Shrimp Company pier. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Bringing ice along a shark longliner - a colorful shrimp trawler is tied up forward of the longliner. Note Turtle Excluder Devices (TED's) in the nets. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Diver prepares to enter a shark cage. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |  | A nurse shark under a ledge. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
 | A hazard of a diving marine biologist. Hammers on the head tend to discourage attack. Carcharinis Limbatus - grey shark on a murky day at the reef. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |  | A Nurse Shark. Credit: Sanctuaries. |
 | A large white shark cruising offshore from the Farallon Islands. Credit: Sanctuaries. |  | Long-line operations during shark studies on the NOAA Ship FERREL. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Hammer head shark" by Rushang Shah Commentary: "Hammer Head shark at Marine World, USA." | "Shark attack" by Igor Beres Commentary: "Underwater shoot of the swimming girl ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Oh, no! shark is only one syllable |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Current trials include enzyme therapy with nutritional support for the treatment of inoperable pancreatic cancer, shark cartilage therapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and studies of the effects of diet on prostate and breast cancers. (references) | |
Business | Previously, the market was dominated by aloe and shark liver products, followed closely by enzyme and calcium products. (references) | |
The Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA) has issued international tenders for the construction of airports at Sohag and Shark Al Owaynat in addition to a new airport building at Hurghada, which is presently in the evaluation stage. (references) | ||
These highway roads include the Alexandria to Al Fayoum road (199 kilometers); Assiut to al Fayuom (210 kilometers); Al Fayoum to Aswan (1850 kilometers); Deirut, a province of Assiut to Al Farafra Oasis in the Western Desert (260 kilometers); Al Kharga Oasis to Shark Al Owaynate, far southwest (500 kilometers); Deirut to Aswan (433 kilometers); Salloom, on the Libyan border, to Wadi Al Natroun (length not declared). (references) | ||
Economic History | Kiribati | Other exports include pet fish, shark fins, and seaweed. (references) |
Mexico | Fishing (sardine, oyster, shark, anchovy) is also important and one of the state's main sources of foreign exchange. (references) | |
Mexico | With a fleet of 7,000 vessels, the "Sonorenses" harvest large volumes of shrimp, sardine, shark, sea bass, sole and tuna. (references) | |
Trade | Egypt | Egypt has one export guarantee company, The Export Credit Guarantee Company of Egypt (ECGC), established by the Export Development Bank of Egypt, National Investment Bank, Misr Insurance Company, Al Shark Insurance Company and Egyptian National Insurance Company. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Shark" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 95.16% of the time. "Shark" is used about 248 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 95.16% | 236 | 19,516 |
| Noun (proper) | 3.63% | 9 | 117,287 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.81% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Noun (common) | 0.4% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 248 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "shark" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Shark | Last name | 130 | 60,333 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "shark": Angel shark ♦ Baskin shark ♦ basking shark ♦ blacktip shark ♦ blue shark ♦ bone shark ♦ bonito shark ♦ bonnet shark ♦ bull shark ♦ carpet shark ♦ cat shark ♦ cow shark ♦ cub shark ♦ Dog shark ♦ dogfish shark ♦ dusky shark ♦ fox shark ♦ gray shark ♦ great blue shark ♦ great white shark ♦ greenland shark ♦ ground shark ♦ hammerhead shark ♦ Land shark ♦ lemon shark ♦ Liver shark ♦ loan shark ♦ mackerel shark ♦ mako shark ♦ nurse shark ♦ oceanic whitetip shark ♦ oil shark ♦ port Jackson shark ♦ reef whitetip shark ♦ requiem shark ♦ sand shark ♦ sandbar shark ♦ shark barrow ♦ Shark Cartilage ♦ shark fins ♦ shark oil ♦ shark ray ♦ shark repellent ♦ Shark River Hills ♦ shark up ♦ sleeper shark ♦ smoothhound shark ♦ soupfin shark ♦ swell shark ♦ thrasher shark ♦ thresher shark ♦ tiger shark ♦ whale shark ♦ white shark ♦ whitetip shark ♦ zebra shark. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "shark": shark-angled, shark-fin, shark-fishing, shark-free, shark-headed, shark-infested, shark-like, shark-liver oil, shark-nose, shark-oil, shark-shaped, shark-sleek, shark-snouted, shark-tooth, shark-toothed. | |
Ending with "shark": half-shark, loan-shark, pool-shark. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
shark | 7,047 | san jose shark | 270 |
game shark | 4,082 | white shark | 244 |
great white shark | 3,418 | game shark cheat | 242 |
tiger shark | 1,771 | great white shark picture | 241 |
game shark code | 1,721 | shark tooth | 241 |
shark fishing | 1,161 | pokemon game shark code | 239 |
shark attack | 972 | ps2 game shark | 225 |
shark picture | 747 | code game shark socom | 218 |
code game pokemon ruby shark | 731 | game pokemon ruby shark | 206 |
shark t shirt | 533 | play station game shark code | 204 |
code game pokemon sapphire shark | 492 | bala shark | 200 |
hawaii shark | 474 | mako shark | 195 |
jump the shark | 429 | pokemon crystal game shark code | 194 |
code game ps2 shark | 414 | shark tattoo | 185 |
whale shark | 385 | play station 2 game shark code | 184 |
pokemon crystal game shark cheat | 385 | pokemon silver game shark code | 158 |
shark cartilage | 376 | shark photo | 153 |
hammerhead shark | 297 | cage shark | 153 |
pokemon game shark cheat | 286 | pokemon gold game shark code | 150 |
shark vacuum | 275 | bull shark | 148 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "shark"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | haai. (various references) | |
Albanian | peshkaqen, ha (chamfer, consume, demolish, despatch, dispatch, eat, eat away, elide, erode, feed, ingest), afarist i egër. (various references) | |
Arabic | كلب البحر (dog fish, sea dog), سمك القرش, المحتال (artist, bluffer, cheat, crook, dodger, impostor, juggler, kite, knave, queue jumper, rook, sharper, skin, swindler), النصاب (impostor, sharper, skin, swindler). (various references) | |
Basque | marrazo. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | специалист (adept, authority, dab, dabster, fancier, pro, professional, proficient, specialist), мошеник (blackguard, cheat, crook, dead beat, deadbeat, dodger, grafter, gyp, hustler, jongleur, knave, palmer, picaroon, rogue, scoundrel, sham, sharp, skin, trickster, varlet, wretch), мамя (cozen, deceive, dupe, fiddle, flim-flam, gag, gouge, hocus, hoodwink, impose, jockey, juggle, mock, play along, play possum with, rook, stick, string along, take, twist, victimize), живея мошенически (rogue), ас, акула (kite), лихвар (gombeenman, leech, lombard, money lender, money spinner, note-shaver, usurer), изнудвач (blackmailer, exactor, extortionist, racketeer, squeezer), изнудвам (gouge, hijack, racketeer, ramp, screw). (various references) | |
Catalan | tauró. (various references) | |
Chamorro | halu'u. (various references) | |
Chinese | 鲨鱼, 鮫 , 鯊魚 , 鯊 . (various references) | |
Czech | žralok. (various references) | |
Danish | haj. (various references) | |
Dutch | haai. (various references) | |
Esperanto | ŝarko. (various references) | |
Faeroese | hákelling. (various references) | |
Farsi | متقلب (Dishonest, Gyp, Swindler), کوسه ماهی , گوش بری کردن (Swindle), گوش بری . (various references) | |
Finnish | hai (chondrichtyes pleurotremata, sharks). (various references) | |
French | requin (great white shark, maneater shark, white shark). (various references) | |
Frisian | haai. (various references) | |
German | Hai, Haifisch. (various references) | |
Greek | καρχαρίασ (dog fish), καρχαρίας (basking shark, blue shark, blue whaler, bluntnose six-gill shark, bramble shark, great blue shark, great white shark, long-fin mako, mackerel shark, mako shark, maneater, maneater shark, nurse shark, porbeagle, porbeagle shark, sand shark, seven-gilled shark, sharpnose seven-gill shark, short-finned mako, six-gill shark, six-gilled shark, spinous shark, spiny shark, white pointer, white shark), άρπαξ (pillager, poacher, preyer, prowler, ransacker, ravisher, snatcher, spoliator, swoper), απατεών (circumventer, circumventor, cozener, crook, deceiver, faker, fraud, hoodwinker, jockey, knave, rook, shammer, sharp, shaver, slicker, swindler, tricker, trickster, victimizer, welcher, welsher). (various references) | |
Hebrew | כריש, נוכל (charlatan, crafty, crook, impostor, knave, miscreant, racketeer, rogue, scoundrel, sharper, swindrel, trickster). (various references) | |
Hungarian | cápa. (various references) | |
Indonesian | ikan hiu, cucut (kiss, suck). (various references) | |
Italian | pescecane (great white shark, maneater, maneater shark, white pointer, white shark). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 鰐鮫 , 鮫 , 鱶 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | さめ, ふか (addition, annexation, appendage, bad, burden, empty show, frivolity, hatching, imposition, improper, inadvisable, incubation, levity, levy, load, suburban districts, unjustifiable, wealthy family, within an urban-prefecture, wrong), わにざめ. (various references) | |
Korean | 상어. (various references) | |
Manx | sharkagh (sea lawyer). (various references) | |
Maori | mangoo. (various references) | |
Norwegian | hai. (various references) | |
Occitan | verdon. (various references) | |
Papiamen | tribon. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | arkshay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | tubarão (dogfish). (various references) | |
Romanian | rechin, pungaş (biter, cheat, Cutpurse, duffer, fraud, gun, jockey, juggler, knave, lurcher, manipulator, mountebank, pickpocket, pilferer, prig, rascal, rogue, rook, rough, scab, snap, swindler, thief), escroc (bilk, biter, blackguard, blackleg, carpet bagger, charlatan, cheat, crook, desperado, double-dealer, duffer, faker, fraud, gambler, gamester, gouge, gyp, impostor, jockey, juggler, knave, mountebank, rogue, rook, scab, sharp, sharper, snap, swindler), cãptuşi (back, bag, board, coat, diddle, sheathe, wainscot), aghesmui (sprinkle with holy water, thwack). (various references) | |
Russian | акула. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | morski pas (tope), halapljivo gutati (bolt, engorge, ingurgitate), grabiti (grab, ship), derikoža (cat skinner), ajkula. (various references) | |
Sicilian | squalu. (various references) | |
Spanish | tiburón (corporate raider, raider). (various references) | |
Sranan | sarki. (various references) | |
Swedish | haj (corporate raider, raider). (various references) | |
Thai | ผู้ปล่อยเงินกู้โดยคิดดอกเบี้ยสูงมาก (loan shark). (various references) | |
Turkish | usta (adept, adroit, artist, connoisseur, constructor, craftsman, dab, dabster, deft, dexterous, experienced, expert, facile, hand, ingenious, intelligent, journeyman, master, old hand, proficient, skilful, skilled, skillful, slick, subtile, versed, whizz, wise, workman, Wright), otlakçı (bum, bummer, cadger, free rider, freeloader, scrounger, sponge, sponger), köpekbalığı, işinin ehli, dolandırıcı (adventurer, bilker, carpet bagger, cheat, cheater, chiseler, chiseller, confidence man, confidence trickster, crook, crooked, deceitful, double-dealer, faker, fakir, fiddler, fraud, fraudulent, grifter, gyp, hustler, impostor, knave, lurcher, rogue, sham, sharp, spieler, swindler, Twicer), bedavacı (deadhead, sponger). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | шахрай (beat, bilker, charlatan, cheat, deceiver, doer, gambler, jockey, knave, phony, picaroon, prick, racketeer, rascal, scalawag, scallawag, scallywag, sharp, sharper, swindler), акула. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tay chiến, kẻ bất lương (knave, malefactor, malfeasant, picaroon), cá mập kẻ tham lam. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | Carcharhinidae, Carcharhinus glaucus, Carcharias glaucus, Carcharias taurus, Carcharodon carcharias, Carcharodon rondeletti, Centrophorus granulosus, Eugaleus galeus, Eugomphodus taurus, Galeorhinus galeus, Galeus canis, Galeus vulgaris, Isurus glaucus, Isurus oxyrhinchus, Mustelus antarcticus, Negaprion brevirostris, Odontaspis taurus, Oxyrhina spallanzani, Prionace glauca, Rhincodon typus, Rhiniodon typus, Squalus glaucus, Squatina angelus, Squatina squatina, Stegostoma fasciatum, Stegostoma tigrinum. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "shark": sharked, sharker, sharkers, sharking, sharklike, sharks, sharkskin, sharkskins. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "shark": antishark. (additional references) | |
| |
"Shark" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Esmark, Lharc, pharuk, sahk, Sahr, sahri, sahsru, sarc, Saryk, Schak, Scherk, Schork, Schrack, Shahr, shak, shakra, shapka, Sharaku, sharc, sharf, sharg, Sharka, Sharky, sharm, sharn, sharo, sharrk, shart, Sharu, shary, shauri, shawk, Sherk, sherkat, Shikra, shra, Shukr, Shukri, shurk, smark, snark, Zhorik. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "shark" (pronounced shÄ"rk) |
| 3 | -Ä" r k | arc, ark, bark, dark, demark, disembark, embark, hark, lark, Marc, Mark, marque, Narc, Park, quark, remark, Sark, spark, stark. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: harks. | |
| Words within the letters "a-h-k-r-s" | |
-1 letter: arks, hark, rash, sark. | |
-2 letters: ark, ars, ash, ask, has, kas, rah, ras, sha, ska. | |
-3 letters: ah, ar, as, ha, ka, sh. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-h-k-r-s" | |
+1 letter: charks, kasher, rakish, shaker, sharks, shikar, shrank. | |
+2 letters: chakras, charkas, chukars, darkish, hackers, hankers, harkens, hawkers, kashers, kashmir, kashrut, kurbash, larkish, lashkar, rankish, ricksha, rikisha, rikshaw, shakers, shakier, sharked, sharker, shikari, shikars. | |
+3 letters: backrush, boshvark, brackish, charkhas, chukkars, crankish, dorhawks, freakish, futharks, hacklers, hatracks, hauberks, hayforks, hayracks, hayricks, hearkens, hektares, kashered, kashmirs, kashruth, kashruts, khaddars, khirkahs, kitharas, lashkars, markhors, prankish, rakishly, rashlike, redshank, rickshas, rickshaw, rikishas, rikshaws, shackler, shagbark, shamrock, sharkers, sharking, shikaree, shikaris, sparkish, thankers, whackers. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
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